Rechargeable batteries have significantly helped to effectively use renewable energy sources as well as to intensively expand the electrification of vehicles. To achieve such goals, new advanced materials are urgently required. Atomically dispersed materials (ADMs) with single-atom metals supported on substrates feature uniform metallic sites and represent the utmost utilization of atoms, demonstrating wide applications in catalysis. These structural and morphological characteristics also make ADMs attractive materials for rechargeable batteries. Herein, we highlight and summarize the recent advances in synthetic methods for ADMs by physical confinement and chemical bonding. Subsequently, we summarize the recent progress in the design of diverse ADMs for lithium metal, lithium-sulfur, sodium-sulfur, lithium-oxygen, and zinc-air batteries and unveil the corresponding roles of ADMs from atomistic perspectives. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed.

可充电电池极大地帮助有效利用了可再生能源，并极大地扩展了车辆的电气化。为了实现这些目标，迫切需要新的先进材料。具有负载在基材上的单原子金属的原子分散材料（ADM）具有均匀的金属位点，代表了原子的最大利用，这证明了其在催化领域的广泛应用。这些结构和形态特征也使ADM成为可充电电池的有吸引力的材料。本文中，我们重点介绍和总结了通过物理限制和化学键合合成ADM的方法的最新进展。随后，我们总结了用于金属锂，锂硫，钠硫，锂氧的多种ADM设计的最新进展，以及锌空气电池，并从原子角度揭示了ADM的相应作用。最后，讨论了该领域的挑战和前景。