Glyphosate (Gly) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and has broad-spectrum and non-selective activity. Its indiscriminate use hence risks contamination of water bodies and can affect living organisms, especially sensitive or resistant non-target plants. Despite this, studies on physiological mechanisms and Gly remediation in Neotropical aquatic plants remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia biloba on exposure to different concentrations of a Gly commercial formulation (Gly-CF) and a Gly analytical standard (Gly-AS). Furthermore, using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), we determined whether the studied plant could remove Gly from water. Our data suggest that Gly-AS and Gly-CF induce similar physiological responses in S. biloba. However, Gly-CF was more phytotoxic. Depending on the concentration, the two forms of Gly affected the plants, decreasing the chlorophyll a and b contents and the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity. The data also revealed that Gly promoted oxidative stress and increased the shikimic acid concentration. At the same time, the plants removed Gly from water, with 100% removal for 1 mg L⁻¹ Gly and above 60% removal for the other concentrations studied. Therefore, our results suggest that S. biloba may be a potential phytoremediation agent for low Gly concentrations, since 1 mg L⁻¹ Gly was completely removed and exhibited low phytotoxicity. This study deepens our scientific understanding of the Gly impact on and the phytoremediation potential of S. biloba.

草甘膦（Gly）是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂，具有广谱和非选择性活性。因此，不加区别地使用它会带来水体污染的风险，并可能影响生物体，特别是敏感或具有抗性的非目标植物。尽管如此，对新热带水生植物的生理机制和甘氨酸修复的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在评估水生大型植物槐叶叶暴露于不同浓度的甘氨酸商业制剂 (Gly-CF) 和甘氨酸分析标准品 (Gly-AS) 的生理机制。此外，我们使用方波伏安法 (SWV) 确定了所研究的植物是否可以去除水中的甘氨酸。我们的数据表明，Gly-AS 和 Gly-CF 在银杏中诱导相似的生理反应。然而，Gly-CF 的植物毒性更大。根据浓度的不同，两种形式的甘氨酸会影响植物，降低叶绿素a 和 b 的含量以及光系统 II (PSII) 的光化学活性。数据还显示，甘氨酸促进氧化应激并增加莽草酸浓度。同时，植物从水中去除了甘氨酸，1 mg L ^-1 Gly 的去除率为 100%，所研究的其他浓度的去除率超过 60%。因此，我们的结果表明银杏可能是低浓度甘氨酸的潜在植物修复剂，因为1 mg L ^-1甘氨酸被完全去除并表现出较低的植物毒性。这项研究加深了我们对甘氨酸对银杏的影响和植物修复潜力的科学认识。