乳糖不耐症：你的呼吸能告诉你的。,Diagnostics

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乳糖不耐症：你的呼吸能告诉你的。
Diagnostics ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060412
Luelle Robles ₁ , Ronny Priefer ₁

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乳糖不耐症被认为是一种临床综合征，其特征是食用乳糖后出现疼痛，腹胀，肠胃气胀和腹泻。乳糖是乳制品中常见的一种二糖，需要乳糖酶-芦丁水解酶（LPH）分解为葡萄糖和半乳糖。这种酶的缺乏会导致菌群细菌进一步进入胃肠道（GI），从而将多余的乳糖代谢为多种气体，包括H ₂。最近的研究表明，摄入乳糖后出现症状的风险取决于乳糖的剂量，LPH表达，肠道菌群和胃肠道敏感性。当前，有几种诊断测试可研究乳糖不耐症的生物学机制，例如血液，活检，遗传学和呼气测验。由于其相对较低的成本，可用性和无创性，氢呼气试验（HBT）已成为一种流行的技术，可以帮助诊断许多胃肠疾病，特别是乳糖不耐症。此外，在管理HBT时，各种研究似乎缺乏统一的标准，许多研究使用其自己的指南，这反过来可能导致结果分析不一致。随着纳米技术的不断进步，

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Lactose Intolerance: What Your Breath Can Tell You.

Lactose intolerance has seen recognized as a clinical syndrome characterized by pain, abdominal distention, flatulence, and diarrhea after the consumption of lactose. Lactose is a common disaccharide found in dairy that requires lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) to break down into glucose and galactose. A deficiency in this enzyme results in flora bacteria further along in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract to metabolize the excess lactose to numerous gases, including H₂. Recent studies show that the risk of symptoms after lactose ingestion depends on the dose of lactose, LPH expression, intestinal flora, and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there are several diagnostic tests that investigate the biological mechanism of lactose intolerance such as blood, biopsy, genetic, and breath tests. Due to its relatively low cost, availability, and non-invasiveness, the hydrogen breath test (HBT) has become a popular technology to aid in the diagnosis of many gastroenterological diseases, specifically lactose intolerance. Additionally, while administering the HBT there seems to be a lack of uniform criteria amongst the various studies, with many using their own guidelines, which may in turn cause inconsistency with the analysis of the results. With ever improving nanotechnology, novel approaches to expedite and lower the costs of the HBT has become an area of research with significant advancements.

更新日期：2020-06-17

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