Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) magnetism is now the attention of central demands in fundamental condensed matter physics concerning about the understanding and control of new phases. The demonstration of ferromagnetism in an atomically thin layer develops the prospects for a variety of device applications of 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials. The long-range ferromagnetic ordering in 2D vdW crystals together with their fascinating electric and optical properties will lead to magnetic, magneto-electric, and magneto-optic applications. Low-power, high-speed, and ultra-compact spintronic devices, data storage, information recognition and processing, smart sensors, and quantum computing applications are highly necessary for future industrial applications. This review covers the fundamental chemical structures and synthesis methods of 2D magnetic materials, the techniques for characterizing magnetic properties, device applications and the challenges faced in this emerging field. The progress in both intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic 2D materials originated from external stimuli such as doping, defects, functionalization, and strain is emphasized. The comparison of fundamental physics, chemistry, and related issues of vdW 2D magnetic materials with other-dimensional counterparts concentrated on backgrounds is also emphasized. We focus on the design of chemical and crystal structures leading to 2D magnetism, detailed chemical and physical properties and the device applications of vdW 2D magnetism. Finally, challenges and outlooks in the realization of 2D magnetism are discussed and believed that this emerging field will excite more intensive research and provide exceptional breakthroughs in the field of spintronics.

中文翻译：

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二维范德华磁性材料和新兴应用的最新突破

摘要 二维 (2D) 磁性现在是基础凝聚态物理学中关于理解和控制新相的核心需求的关注点。在原子薄层中展示铁磁性为二维范德华 (vdW) 材料的各种器件应用开辟了前景。二维 vdW 晶体中的长程铁磁有序及其迷人的电学和光学特性将导致磁、磁电和磁光应用。低功耗、高速和超紧凑的自旋电子器件、数据存储、信息识别和处理、智能传感器和量子计算应用对于未来的工业应用是非常必要的。这篇综述涵盖了二维磁性材料的基本化学结构和合成方法、磁特性表征技术、器件应用以及这一新兴领域面临的挑战。强调了源自外部刺激（如掺杂、缺陷、功能化和应变）的内在和外在磁性二维材料的进展。还强调了 vdW 2D 磁性材料与其他维度对应物的基础物理、化学和相关问题的比较，重点是背景。我们专注于导致 2D 磁性的化学和晶体结构的设计、详细的化学和物理特性以及 vdW 2D 磁性的设备应用。最后，