Biomass conversion to value-added chemicals has received tremendous attention for solving global warming issues and fossil fuel depletion. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a key bio-based platform molecule to produce many useful organic chemicals by oxidation, hydrogenation, polymerization, and ring-opening reactions. Among all derivatives, the oxidation product 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a promising alternative to petroleum-based terephthalic acid for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. This review analytically discusses the recent progress in the thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic oxidation of HMF into FDCA, including catalyst screening, synthesis processes, and reaction mechanism. Rapid fundamental advances may be possible in non-precious metal and metal-free catalysts that are highly efficient under the base-free conditions, and external field-assisted processes like electrochemical or photoelectrochemical cells.

生物质向增值化学品的转化在解决全球变暖问题和化石燃料枯竭方面受到了极大的关注。5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）是一种关键的生物基平台分子，可通过氧化，氢化，聚合和开环反应产生许多有用的有机化学物质。在所有衍生物中，氧化产物2,5-呋喃二甲酸（FDCA）是用于合成生物可降解塑料的石油基对苯二甲酸的有前途的替代品。这篇综述分析性地讨论了将HMF热催化，电催化和光催化氧化成FDCA的最新进展，包括催化剂筛选，合成工艺和反应机理。