Abstract — Under homeostasis states, proliferation, differentiation and function of immune cells are efficiently regulated to not only support the protection against pathogens, but also to prevent the autoimmune attack against self-tissues. It is now authenticated that immune cell activation is engaged with intense alterations in cellular metabolism. Accumulating body of data indicated that alterations in the metabolism of immune cells have a tight association with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Aerobic glycolysis is a major element in activation and differentiation of T cells. It has been established that aerobic glycolysis plays an essential role in the various pathophysiological aspects of several autoimmune diseases. A new emerging field of the specialty “Immunometabolism” has been developed and holds promise to explore new therapeutic targets. With consideration of common profile of metabolic perturbation in autoimmune diseases, targeting of these metabolic dysregulation heralds a beginning of a new chapter in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we set out to discuss how glycolysis pathway can affect autoreactive T-cell differentiation/functions and also describe the latest findings associated with glucose metabolism and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we introduce new therapeutic approaches that could potentially alter metabolic perturbation and correct the Th17/Treg imbalance in autoimmune diseases.

中文翻译：

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糖酵解和自身免疫性疾病：日益密切的关系

摘要 — 在体内平衡状态下，免疫细胞的增殖、分化和功能得到有效调节，不仅支持对病原体的保护，还可以防止对自身组织的自身免疫攻击。现在已经证实免疫细胞激活与细胞代谢的剧烈变化有关。越来越多的数据表明，免疫细胞代谢的改变与自身免疫性疾病的发病机制密切相关。有氧糖酵解是 T 细胞活化和分化的主要因素。已经确定有氧糖酵解在几种自身免疫性疾病的各种病理生理学方面起着重要作用。一个新兴的专业“免疫代谢”领域已经发展起来，并有望探索新的治疗靶点。考虑到自身免疫疾病中代谢紊乱的常见特征，针对这些代谢失调预示着自身免疫疾病治疗新篇章的开始。在这篇综述中，我们着手讨论糖酵解途径如何影响自身反应性 T 细胞分化/功能，并描述与葡萄糖代谢和自身免疫疾病相关的最新发现。最后，我们介绍了新的治疗方法，可能会改变代谢紊乱并纠正自身免疫性疾病中的 Th17/Treg 失衡。针对这些代谢失调预示着自身免疫疾病治疗新篇章的开始。在这篇综述中，我们着手讨论糖酵解途径如何影响自身反应性 T 细胞分化/功能，并描述与葡萄糖代谢和自身免疫疾病相关的最新发现。最后，我们介绍了新的治疗方法，这些方法可能会改变代谢紊乱并纠正自身免疫性疾病中的 Th17/Treg 失衡。针对这些代谢失调预示着自身免疫疾病治疗新篇章的开始。在这篇综述中，我们着手讨论糖酵解途径如何影响自身反应性 T 细胞分化/功能，并描述与葡萄糖代谢和自身免疫疾病相关的最新发现。最后，我们介绍了新的治疗方法，这些方法可能会改变代谢紊乱并纠正自身免疫性疾病中的 Th17/Treg 失衡。