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Sucker with a fat lip: The soft tissues underlying the viscoelastic grip of remora adhesion.
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13227 Karly E Cohen 1, 2 , Callie H Crawford 3 , Luz Patricia Hernandez 2 , Michael Beckert 4 , Jason H Nadler 4 , Brooke E Flammang 3
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13227 Karly E Cohen 1, 2 , Callie H Crawford 3 , Luz Patricia Hernandez 2 , Michael Beckert 4 , Jason H Nadler 4 , Brooke E Flammang 3
Affiliation
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Remoras are fishes that attach to a broad range of hosts using an adhesive disc on their head that is derived from dorsal fin elements. Research on the adhesive mechanism of remoras has focused primarily on the skeletal components of the disc and their contribution to generating suction and friction. However, the soft tissues of the disc, such as the soft lip surrounding the bony disc and the muscles that control the bony lamellae, have been largely ignored. To understand the sealing mechanism of the disc, it is imperative to understand the tissue morphology and material properties of the soft lip. Here, we show that the soft lip surrounding the remora disc is comprised of discrete multilayered collagen, fat, and elastic tissues which we hypothesize to have specific roles in the viscoelastic sealing mechanism of the remora disc. The central, heavily vascularized fat and collagen layer are infiltrated by strands of elastic tissue and surrounded by crossed‐fiber collagen. A newly described jubilee muscle underneath the adhesive disc provides a mechanism for stopping venous return from the disc lip, thereby allowing it to become engorged and create a pressurized fit to the attachment substrate. Thus, the remora lip acts as a vascular hydrostat.
中文翻译：
厚唇吸盘：鳉粘连粘弹性握力下方的软组织。
鲳鱼是一种鱼类，它们利用头部的粘性圆盘附着在多种宿主上，该粘性圆盘源自背鳍元件。对鲳鱼粘附机制的研究主要集中在椎间盘的骨骼成分及其对产生吸力和摩擦的贡献上。然而，椎间盘的软组织，例如围绕骨椎间盘的软唇和控制骨板的肌肉，在很大程度上被忽视了。要了解椎间盘的密封机制，必须了解软唇的组织形态和材料特性。在这里，我们表明，鱼盘周围的软唇由离散的多层胶原蛋白、脂肪和弹性组织组成，我们假设它们在鱼盘的粘弹性密封机制中具有特定的作用。中央的、血管丰富的脂肪和胶原蛋白层被弹性组织束渗透，并被交叉纤维胶原蛋白包围。新描述的粘合盘下方的银禧肌提供了一种阻止静脉从盘唇部回流的机制，从而使其充血并与附着基底形成加压配合。因此，鱼唇充当血管静水器。
更新日期：2020-06-02
中文翻译：
厚唇吸盘：鳉粘连粘弹性握力下方的软组织。
鲳鱼是一种鱼类，它们利用头部的粘性圆盘附着在多种宿主上，该粘性圆盘源自背鳍元件。对鲳鱼粘附机制的研究主要集中在椎间盘的骨骼成分及其对产生吸力和摩擦的贡献上。然而，椎间盘的软组织，例如围绕骨椎间盘的软唇和控制骨板的肌肉，在很大程度上被忽视了。要了解椎间盘的密封机制，必须了解软唇的组织形态和材料特性。在这里，我们表明，鱼盘周围的软唇由离散的多层胶原蛋白、脂肪和弹性组织组成，我们假设它们在鱼盘的粘弹性密封机制中具有特定的作用。中央的、血管丰富的脂肪和胶原蛋白层被弹性组织束渗透，并被交叉纤维胶原蛋白包围。新描述的粘合盘下方的银禧肌提供了一种阻止静脉从盘唇部回流的机制，从而使其充血并与附着基底形成加压配合。因此，鱼唇充当血管静水器。
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