<br>通过生物正交环加成化学标记细胞环境中的 DNA 和 RNA,RSC Chemical Biology

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通过生物正交环加成化学标记细胞环境中的 DNA 和 RNA
RSC Chemical Biology ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00047g
Dorothée Ganz ₁ , Dennis Harijan ₁ , Hans-Achim Wagenknecht ₁

Affiliation

将核酸标记为生物学上重要的细胞成分是可视化和理解生物过程的关键先决条件。高效的生物正交化学，特别是环加成满足细胞应用的要求。然而，由于铜盐的细胞毒性，广泛应用的 Cu() 催化叠氮炔环加成 (CuAAC) 仅限于体外和固定细胞中的标记。目前，用于细胞环境中核酸标记的无铜环加成有三种类型：（i）环应变促进的叠氮-炔环加成（SPAAC），（ii）“光点击”1,3-偶极环加成，以及 (iii) 具有逆电子需求的狄尔斯-阿尔德反应 (iEDDA)。我们仅回顾那些用于固相化学合成 DNA 和 RNA 以及酶促 DNA 和 RNA 制备的构建模块，这些构建模块用于原位或体内（即在细胞环境中、固定或活体中）标记 DNA 和 RNA细胞，通过使用生物正交环加成化学。此外，我们回顾了体外DNA 和 RNA 正交双标记和三标记的现状，以证明它们未来在原位或体内应用的潜力。

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Labelling of DNA and RNA in the cellular environment by means of bioorthogonal cycloaddition chemistry

Labelling of nucleic acids as biologically important cellular components is a crucial prerequisite for the visualization and understanding of biological processes. Efficient bioorthogonal chemistry and in particular cycloadditions fullfill the requirements for cellular applications. The broadly applied Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), however, is limited to labellings in vitro and in fixed cells due to the cytotoxicity of copper salts. Currently, there are three types of copper-free cycloadditions used for nucleic acid labelling in the cellular environment: (i) the ring-strain promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), (ii) the “photoclick” 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, and (iii) the Diels–Alder reactions with inverse electron demand (iEDDA). We review only those building blocks for chemical synthesis on solid phase of DNA and RNA and for enzymatic DNA and RNA preparation, which were applied for labelling of DNA and RNA in situ or in vivo, i.e. in the cellular environment, in fixed or in living cells, by the use of bioorthogonal cycloaddition chemistry. Additionally, we review the current status of orthogonal dual and triple labelling of DNA and RNA in vitro to demonstrate their potential for future applications in situ or in vivo.

更新日期：2020-08-06

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