ABSTRACT

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed since December 2019. It has caused a global pandemic with more than three hundred thousand case fatalities. However, apart from supportive care by respirators, no standard medical therapy is validated.

Areas covered: This paper presents old drugs with potential in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The in vitro database, adverse effects, and potential toxicities of these drugs are reviewed regarding their feasibility of clinical prescription for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. To obtain convincing recommendations, we referred to opinions from the US National Institute of Health regarding drugs repurposed for COVID-19 therapy.

Expert opinion: Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In addition, tocilizumab might be considered as the supplementary treatment for COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19.

摘要

简介：由新型严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）自2019年12月以来已经发展起来。它已导致全球大流行，死亡人数超过30万。但是，除了呼吸器的支持治疗外，没有任何标准的药物疗法得到验证。

涵盖的领域：本文介绍了对SARS-CoV-2具有潜在体外功效的旧药物。在体外数据库，不良反应以及这些药物的潜在的毒性进行审查就其临床处方的可行性治疗的患者COVID-19。为了获得令人信服的建议，我们参考了美国国立卫生研究院关于重新用于COVID-19治疗的药物的意见。

专家意见：尽管目前尚缺乏有关COVID-19疗法的精心设计的随机对照研究的有力证据，但雷姆昔韦，替考拉宁，羟氯喹（不与阿奇霉素合用）和伊维菌素可能是有效的抗病毒药物，被认为是控制SARS的有希望的候选药物-CoV-2。此外，托西珠单抗可能被视为COVID-19细胞因子释放综合征患者的辅助治疗。将来，需要进行有关针对SARS-CoV-2的潜在有效药物组合的临床试验，以建立治疗中重度COVID-19患者的最佳方案。