Melleins are 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins mainly produced by fungi, but also by plants, insects and bacteria. These specialized metabolites play important roles in the life cycles of the producers and they are involved in many biochemical and ecological processes. This review outlines the isolation and chemical and biological characterizations of natural-occurring melleins from the first report of (R)-mellein in 1933 to the most recent advances in their characterization in 2019. In addition, the pathways that could be involved in mellein biosynthesis are discussed, along with the enzymes and genes involved.

中文翻译：

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富含蛋白质的天然化合物。

胶束蛋白是3,4-二氢异香豆素，主要由真菌产生，但也由植物，昆虫和细菌产生。这些专门的代谢产物在生产者的生命周期中发挥着重要作用，并且涉及许多生化和生态过程。这篇综述概述了从1933年第一份（R）-mellein的首次报道到2019年其表征的最新进展的天然存在的melleins的分离以及化学和生物学特性。此外，mellein生物合成中可能涉及的途径与所涉及的酶和基因一起进行了讨论。