Quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) are currently extensively used agricultural fungicides. However, the application of QoIs in controlling Fusarium graminearum was rarely reported. No information is available on pharmacological characteristics of QoIs against F. graminearum, as well as their effects on DON biosynthesis. Here, we found that six QoIs exhibited an excellent fungicidal activity against F. graminearum based on mycelial growth and spore germination. ATP production assay further confirmed that QoIs decreased ATP production via inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, which contributes their fungicidal activity. Unfortunately, QoIs can stimulate DON production and up-regulate the expression of Tri5 and Tri6 genes. Additionally, acetyl-CoA, the basic precursor of DON biosynthesis, significantly increased as affected by QoIs, furtherly indicating that QoIs indeed enhance DON biosynthesis. We also found that QoIs can accelerate the formation of toxisomes and enhance the fluorescence signals of Tri-GFP labeled toxisomes, which may be due to the effect of QoIs on toxisome-related endoplasmic reticulum-remodeling. In addition, QoIs could disrupt the homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics, resulting in the fragmented mitochondria. Finally, the simulated inoculation assay with wheat grains further verified that QoIs can stimulate DON production relative to wheat grain weight, especially relative to mycelial biomass.

醌外抑制剂（QoIs）是目前广泛使用的农业杀菌剂。但是，很少有关于QoI在控制禾谷镰刀菌中的应用的报道。目前尚无有关针对禾谷镰刀菌的QoI的药理特性及其对DON生物合成的影响的信息。在这里，我们发现基于菌丝体生长和孢子萌发，六个QoIs对禾本科镰刀菌均表现出优异的杀真菌活性。ATP产生测定进一步证实，QoIs通过抑制线粒体呼吸作用而降低了ATP产生，这有助于其杀真菌活性。不幸的是，QoI可以刺激DON的产生并上调Tri5和Tri6的表达基因。此外，受QoI影响，乙酰基CoA（DON生物合成的基本前体）显着增加，进一步表明QoI确实增强了DON生物合成。我们还发现，QoIs可以加速毒素的形成并增强Tri-GFP标记的毒素的荧光信号，这可能是由于QoIs对与毒素相关的内质网重塑的影响。此外，QoIs可能会破坏线粒体动力学的动态平衡，从而导致线粒体碎片化。最后，用小麦籽粒进行的模拟接种试验进一步证实，QoIs可以刺激相对于小麦籽粒重量，尤其是相对于菌丝体生物量的DON产生。