果蝇眼睛大小的演变和发展,WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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果蝇眼睛大小的演变和发展
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 , DOI: 10.1002/wdev.380
Fernando Casares ₁ , Alistair P McGregor ₂

Affiliation

苍蝇的复眼在大小上表现出惊人的变化，这有助于这些动物适应不同的栖息地及其专业行为的演变。这些大小的差异是由小眼的数量和/或大小的差异引起的，小眼的数量和/或大小是在眼睛成像盘中视网膜区域的发育过程中指定的。虽然在果蝇果蝇中非常详细地了解调节复眼形成的基因和发育机制，我们对导致小眼数量和/或大小自然变异的遗传变化和机械改变知之甚少，从而导致果蝇物种内部和之间的整体眼睛大小。了解眼睛大小这种自然变化的遗传和发育基础不仅有很大的潜力帮助我们了解果蝇视觉的适应性，而且还可以确定眼睛大小和器官大小如何更普遍地受到调节。在这里，我们基于我们对黑腹果蝇眼睛发育的了解，探索了可能是果蝇物种内部和之间复眼大小自然差异的基础的遗传和发育机制以及少数已经确定了致病基因和机制的案例。我们建议蝇眼提供了一个进化和发育框架，以更好地在系统水平上更好地了解这一关键感觉器官的全球调控和多样化，以及在组织、细胞和分子水平上起作用的基因调控网络和机制。

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The evolution and development of eye size in flies

The compound eyes of flies exhibit striking variation in size, which has contributed to the adaptation of these animals to different habitats and their evolution of specialist behaviors. These differences in size are caused by differences in the number and/or size of ommatidia, which are specified during the development of the retinal field in the eye imaginal disc. While the genes and developmental mechanisms that regulate the formation of compound eyes are understood in great detail in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we know very little about the genetic changes and mechanistic alterations that lead to natural variation in ommatidia number and/or size, and thus overall eye size, within and between fly species. Understanding the genetic and developmental bases for this natural variation in eye size not only has great potential to help us understand adaptations in fly vision but also determine how eye size and organ size more generally are regulated. Here we explore the genetic and developmental mechanisms that could underlie natural differences in compound eye size within and among fly species based on our knowledge of eye development in D. melanogaster and the few cases where the causative genes and mechanisms have already been identified. We suggest that the fly eye provides an evolutionary and developmental framework to better understand the regulation and diversification of this crucial sensory organ globally at a systems level as well as the gene regulatory networks and mechanisms acting at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels.

更新日期：2020-05-12

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