Background: Isoquinoline analogs are an important, structurally diverse class of compounds that are extensively used as pharmaceuticals. Derivatives containing the isoquinoline scaffold have become a focus of therapeutic research because of their wide range of biological characteristics. Examples of these drugs, many of which are in clinical application or at the pre-clinical stage, are used to treat a broad swathe of ailments, such as tumors, respiratory diseases, infections, nervous system diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Methods: Data were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder, through searches of drug names.

Results: At least 38 isoquinoline-based therapeutic drugs are in clinical application or clinical trials, and their chemical structure and pharmacokinetics are described in detail.

Conclusion: The isoquinoline ring is a privileged scaffold which is often preferred as a structural basis for drug design, and plays an important role in drug discovery. This review provides a guide for pharmacologists to find effective preclinical/clinical drugs and examines recent progress in the application of the isoquinoline scaffold.

背景：异喹啉类似物是一类重要的、结构多样的化合物，广泛用作药物。含有异喹啉支架的衍生物由于其广泛的生物学特性已成为治疗研究的焦点。这些药物的例子，其中许多已在临床应用或处于临床前阶段，用于治疗广泛的疾病，如肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、感染、神经系统疾病、心脑血管疾病、内分泌和代谢性疾病。

方法：通过搜索药物名称，从 PubMed、Web of Science 和 SciFinder 收集数据。

结果：至少有38种异喹啉类治疗药物进入临床应用或临床试验，详细描述了其化学结构和药代动力学。

结论：异喹啉环是一种特殊的支架，经常被首选作为药物设计的结构基础，在药物发现中发挥着重要作用。本综述为药理学家寻找有效的临床前/临床药物提供了指导，并审查了异喹啉支架应用的最新进展。