Barley plays an important role in health and civilization of human migration from Africa to Asia, later to Eurasia. We demonstrated the systematic mechanism of functional ingredients in barley to combat chronic diseases, based on PubMed, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2020. Barley and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients to combat more than 20 chronic diseases, which include the 14 similar and 9 different chronic diseases between grains and grass, due to the major molecular mechanism of six functional ingredients of barley grass (GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan) and grains (β-glucans, polyphenols, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, tocols, and resistant starch). The antioxidant activity of barley grass and grain has the same and different functional components. These results support findings that barley grain and its grass are the best functional food, promoting ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, and further show the depending functional ingredients for diet from Pliocene hominids in Africa and Neanderthals in Europe to modern humans in the world. This review paper not only reveals the formation and action mechanism of barley diet overcoming human chronic diseases, but also provides scientific basis for the development of health products and drugs for the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases.

中文翻译：

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大麦中功能成分对抗人类慢性疾病的分子机制。

大麦在人类从非洲到亚洲，再到欧亚大陆的迁徙的健康和文明中发挥着重要作用。我们基于2004年至2020年的PubMed，CNKI和ISI Web of Science数据库，证明了大麦中功能成分对抗慢性疾病的系统机制。大麦及其提取物含有30种成分，可以对抗20多种慢性疾病，其中由于大麦草的六个功能成分（GABA，类黄酮，SOD，K-Ca，维生素和色氨酸）和谷物（β的主要分子机理），包括谷物和草之间的14种类似疾病和9种不同的慢性疾病。-葡聚糖，多酚，阿拉伯木聚糖，植物甾醇，母育酚和抗性淀粉）。大麦草和谷物的抗氧化活性具有相同和不同的功能成分。这些结果支持以下发现：大麦谷物及其草是最好的功能食品，促进了古代巴比伦和埃及文明，并进一步显示了从非洲上新世原始人，欧洲尼安德特人到世界现代人类饮食的重要功能成分。这篇综述文章不仅揭示了大麦饮食克服人类慢性疾病的形成和作用机理，而且为开发预防和治疗人类慢性疾病的保健产品和药物提供了科学依据。