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Synergistic excitability plasticity in cerebellar functioning.
The FEBS Journal ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 , DOI: 10.1111/febs.15355 Gen Ohtsuki 1, 2, 3 , Mari Shishikura 2 , Akitoshi Ozaki 2
The FEBS Journal ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 , DOI: 10.1111/febs.15355 Gen Ohtsuki 1, 2, 3 , Mari Shishikura 2 , Akitoshi Ozaki 2
Affiliation
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The cerebellum, a universal processor for sensory acquisition and internal models, and its association with synaptic and nonsynaptic plasticity have been envisioned as the biological correlates of learning, perception, and even thought. Indeed, the cerebellum is no longer considered merely as the locus of motor coordination and its learning. Here, we introduce the mechanisms underlying the induction of multiple types of plasticity in cerebellar circuit and give an overview focusing on the plasticity of nonsynaptic intrinsic excitability. The discovery of long‐term potentiation of synaptic responsiveness in hippocampal neurons led investigations into changes of their intrinsic excitability. This activity‐dependent potentiation of neuronal excitability is distinct from that of synaptic efficacy. Systematic examination of excitability plasticity has indicated that the modulation of various types of Ca2+‐ and voltage‐dependent K+ channels underlies the phenomenon, which is also triggered by immune activity. Intrinsic plasticity is expressed specifically on dendrites and modifies the integrative processing and filtering effect. In Purkinje cells, modulation of the discordance of synaptic current on soma and dendrite suggested a novel type of cellular learning mechanism. This property enables a plausible synergy between synaptic efficacy and intrinsic excitability, by amplifying electrical conductivity and influencing the polarity of bidirectional synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, the induction of intrinsic plasticity in the cerebellum correlates with motor performance and cognitive processes, through functional connections from the cerebellar nuclei to neocortex and associated regions: for example, thalamus and midbrain. Taken together, recent advances in neuroscience have begun to shed light on the complex functioning of nonsynaptic excitability and the synergy.
中文翻译：
小脑功能的协同兴奋性可塑性。
小脑，一种用于感官获取和内部模型的通用处理器，及其与突触和非突触可塑性的关联，已经被设想为学习，感知甚至思想的生物学关联。实际上，小脑不再仅仅被视为运动协调及其学习的场所。在这里，我们介绍了小脑回路中多种可塑性诱导的潜在机制，并对非突触固有兴奋性的可塑性进行了概述。海马神经元中突触反应能力的长期增强的发现促使人们对其内在兴奋性的变化进行了研究。神经元兴奋性的这种依赖于活性的增强与突触功效不同。2+和电压依赖性K +通道是这一现象的基础，也是免疫活动触发的现象。本征可塑性在树突上特别表达，并改变了整体加工和过滤效果。在浦肯野细胞中，对突触电流对躯体和树突的不一致性的调节提示了一种新型的细胞学习机制。通过放大电导率并影响双向突触可塑性的极性，该特性可在突触功效和固有兴奋性之间实现合理的协同作用。此外，小脑内在可塑性的诱导与运动表现和认知过程有关，这是通过小脑核与新皮层及相关区域（例如丘脑和中脑）之间的功能联系而实现的。在一起
更新日期：2020-05-04
中文翻译：
小脑功能的协同兴奋性可塑性。
小脑，一种用于感官获取和内部模型的通用处理器，及其与突触和非突触可塑性的关联，已经被设想为学习，感知甚至思想的生物学关联。实际上，小脑不再仅仅被视为运动协调及其学习的场所。在这里，我们介绍了小脑回路中多种可塑性诱导的潜在机制，并对非突触固有兴奋性的可塑性进行了概述。海马神经元中突触反应能力的长期增强的发现促使人们对其内在兴奋性的变化进行了研究。神经元兴奋性的这种依赖于活性的增强与突触功效不同。2+和电压依赖性K +通道是这一现象的基础，也是免疫活动触发的现象。本征可塑性在树突上特别表达，并改变了整体加工和过滤效果。在浦肯野细胞中，对突触电流对躯体和树突的不一致性的调节提示了一种新型的细胞学习机制。通过放大电导率并影响双向突触可塑性的极性，该特性可在突触功效和固有兴奋性之间实现合理的协同作用。此外，小脑内在可塑性的诱导与运动表现和认知过程有关，这是通过小脑核与新皮层及相关区域（例如丘脑和中脑）之间的功能联系而实现的。在一起
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