Aluminum–sulfur batteries (ASBs) have attracted substantial interest due to their high theoretical specific energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness, while the traditional sulfur cathode and ionic liquid have very fast capacity decay, limiting cycling performance because of the sluggishly electrochemical reaction and side reactions with the electrolyte. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, excellent rechargeable aluminum–selenium batteries (ASeBs) using a new deep eutectic solvent, thiourea-AlCl₃, as an electrolyte and Se nanowires grown directly on a flexible carbon cloth substrate (Se NWs@CC) by a low-temperature selenization process as a cathode. Selenium (Se) is a chemical analogue of sulfur with higher electronic conductivity and lower ionization potential that can improve the battery kinetics on the sluggishly electrochemical reaction and the reduction of the polarization where the thiourea-AlCl₃ electrolyte can stabilize the side reaction during the reversible conversion reaction of Al–Se alloying processes during the charge–discharge process, yielding a high specific capacity of 260 mAh g^–1 at 50 mA g^–1 and a long cycling life of 100 times with a high Coulombic efficiency of nearly 93% at 100 mA g^–1. The working mechanism based on the reversible conversion reaction of the Al–Se alloying processes, confirmed by the ex situ Raman, XRD, and XPS measurements, was proposed. This work provides new insights into the development of rechargeable aluminum–chalcogenide (S, Se, and Te) batteries.

中文翻译：

---

具有新型深共晶溶剂的高性能可充电铝硒电池：硫脲-AlCl3。

铝硫电池由于其较高的理论比能量密度，低成本和环境友好性而引起了人们的极大兴趣，而传统的硫阴极和离子液体具有非常快速的容量衰减，由于电化学反应缓慢而限制了循环性能以及与电解液的副反应。在本文中，我们证明，对于第一次，使用一个新的深共晶溶剂优异的可再充电的铝-硒电池（ASeBs），硫脲-的AlCl ₃作为电解质，Se纳米线通过低温硒化工艺直接在柔性碳布衬底（Se NWs @ CC）上生长，作为阴极。硒（Se）是硫的化学类似物，具有较高的电子电导率和较低的电离电势，可以改善缓慢的电化学反应中的电池动力学，并减少极化，硫脲-AlCl ₃电解质可稳定可逆过程中的副反应Al-Se合金化过程在充放电过程中的转化反应，在50 mA g ^–1时可产生260 mAh g ^–1的高比容量，在100倍的循环寿命下，在200℃时的库仑效率接近93％ 100 mA g ^–1。提出了一种基于Al-Se合金化过程可逆转化反应的工作机理，并通过异位拉曼，XRD和XPS测量证实了这一机理。这项工作为可充电铝硫属化物（S，Se和Te）电池的开发提供了新的见识。