<br>草食昆虫不同反捕食者形态的功能多样性和权衡。,Ecology and Evolution

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草食昆虫不同反捕食者形态的功能多样性和权衡。
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6262
Tadashi Shinohara ₁ , Yasuoki Takami ₁

Affiliation

捕食者与猎物的相互作用可能是造成猎物物种巨大形态多样性的原因。我们进行了形态学操作（消融）的捕食实验，以研究背刺的防御功能，并解释卡西丁亚叶甲虫针对三种捕食者的边缘：刺蝽（毒刺）、蟹蜘蛛（咬食者）和树蛙（吞食者）。对于主要防御机制（即防止检测或识别）的重要性，人们的支持不一。拥有背刺的完整脊椎猎物更有可能受到刺客蝽和树蛙的攻击，而拥有清晰边缘的完整装甲猎物可能会避免刺客蝽的攻击。为了支持二级防御机制（即防止征服），背刺对树蛙具有重要的物理防御功能，并解释了其边缘免受刺蝽和蟹蛛的侵害。我们的结果表明主要防御和次要防御之间需要权衡。背刺改善了对树蛙的次要防御，但削弱了主要防御。我们还发现了一种权衡，其中背刺和解释边缘改善了针对相互排斥的捕食者类型的二级防御。对不同捕食机制的适应和功能权衡可能会介导卡西丁亚叶甲虫外部形态防御的多样化。

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Functional diversity and trade-offs in divergent antipredator morphologies in herbivorous insects.

Predator–prey interactions may be responsible for enormous morphological diversity in prey species. We performed predation experiments with morphological manipulations (ablation) to investigate the defensive function of dorsal spines and explanate margins in Cassidinae leaf beetles against three types of predators: assassin bugs (stinger), crab spiders (biter), and tree frogs (swallower). There was mixed support for the importance of primary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing detection or identification). Intact spined prey possessing dorsal spines were more likely to be attacked by assassin bugs and tree frogs, while intact armored prey possessing explanate margins were likely to avoid attack by assassin bugs. In support of the secondary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing subjugation), dorsal spines had a significant physical defensive function against tree frogs, and explanate margins protected against assassin bugs and crab spiders. Our results suggest a trade‐off between primary and secondary defenses. Dorsal spines improved the secondary defense but weakened the primary defense against tree frogs. We also detected a trade‐off in which dorsal spines and explanate margins improved secondary defenses against mutually exclusive predator types. Adaptation to different predatory regimes and functional trade‐offs may mediate the diversification of external morphological defenses in Cassidinae leaf beetles.

更新日期：2020-04-30

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