大量使用二氧化碳：通过矿化捕集和利用碳的碳足迹,Sustainable Energy & Fuels

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大量使用二氧化碳：通过矿化捕集和利用碳的碳足迹
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 , DOI: 10.1039/d0se00190b
Hesam Ostovari _{1,

2,

3,

4} , André Sternberg _{1,

2,

3,

4} , André Bardow _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

减少具有过程固有CO ₂排放量的行业的碳足迹的最新方法是CO ₂矿化。矿化作用通过将CO ₂转化为热力学稳定的固体来存储。除了存储CO ₂之外，CO ₂矿化的产品还可以替代几种行业中的常规产品。替代常规生产可增加通过矿化作用进行碳捕获和利用（CCU）的经济和环境潜力。CO ₂的潜力巨大然而，克服缓慢的反应动力学需要高能量需求，从而使矿化受到挑战。为了通过矿化对CCU的气候影响进行合理评估，我们基于生命周期评估确定矿化CCU的碳足迹。为此，我们将蛇纹石，橄榄石和钢渣作为原料，分析了文献中提出的7条途径：5条直接矿化途径和2条间接矿化途径。矿化产品用于部分替代水泥中的水泥。我们的结果表明，基于当前的最新技术和当今的能源结构，所有考虑使用的CCU矿化技术都可以在整个生命周期中减少气候影响。每吨CO ₂减少量范围从0.44到1.17吨CO _2e存储。为了估算通过矿化产生的CCU潜力的上限，我们考虑了一种理想的矿化方案，该方案可以忽略所有工艺效率低下并利用整个产品的情况。对于这种理想的矿化而言，1吨CO _2的矿化甚至可以避免的温室气体排放量要比仅存储CO ₂最多多3.2倍_。对于所有矿化途径，碳足迹的减少主要是由于CO ₂的永久存储和信用用于替代常规产品。因此，开发合适的产品对于在实践中实现潜在收益至关重要。然后，通过成矿作用捕获和利用碳可以为缓解气候变化提供有希望的途径。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Rock ‘n’ use of CO2: carbon footprint of carbon capture and utilization by mineralization

A recent approach to reduce the carbon footprint of industries with process-inherent CO₂ emissions is CO₂ mineralization. Mineralization stores CO₂ by converting it into a thermodynamically stable solid. Beyond storing CO₂, the products of CO₂ mineralization can potentially substitute conventional products in several industries. Substituting conventional production increases both the economic and the environmental potential of carbon capture and utilization (CCU) by mineralization. The promising potential of CO₂ mineralization is, however, challenged by the high energy demand required to overcome the slow reaction kinetics. To provide a sound assessment of the climate impacts of CCU by mineralization, we determine the carbon footprint of CCU by mineralization based on life cycle assessment. For this purpose, we analyze 7 pathways proposed in literature: 5 direct and 2 indirect mineralization pathways, considering serpentine, olivine, and steel slag as feedstock. The mineralization products are employed to partially substitute cement in blended cement. Our results show that all considered CCU technologies for mineralization could reduce climate impacts over the entire life cycle based on the current state-of-the-art and today's energy mix. Reductions range from 0.44 to 1.17 ton CO_2e per ton CO₂ stored. To estimate an upper bound on the potential of CCU by mineralization, we consider an ideal-mineralization scenario that neglects all process inefficiencies and utilizes the entire product. For this ideal mineralization, mineralization of 1 ton CO₂ could even avoid up to 3.2 times more greenhouse gas emissions than only storing CO_2. For all mineralization pathways, the carbon footprint is mainly reduced due to the permanent storage of CO₂ and the credit for substituting conventional products. Thus, developing suitable products is critical to realize the potential benefits in practice. Then, carbon capture and utilization by mineralization could provide a promising route for climate change mitigation.

更新日期：2020-04-30

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