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Sources and fates of perchlorate in soils in Chile: A case study of perchlorate dynamics in soil-crop systems using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) fields.
Environmental Pollution ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114682 R Calderon 1 , Karthikraj Rajendiran 2 , Kim U J 3 , P Palma 4 , N Arancibia-Miranda 5 , E Silva-Moreno 6 , F Corradini 7
Environmental Pollution ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114682 R Calderon 1 , Karthikraj Rajendiran 2 , Kim U J 3 , P Palma 4 , N Arancibia-Miranda 5 , E Silva-Moreno 6 , F Corradini 7
Affiliation
Perchlorate occurs naturally in the environment in deposits of nitrate and can be formed in the atmosphere and precipitate into soil. However, little is known about the occurrence and levels of perchlorate in soils and fertilizers in Chile and its impacts on agricultural systems and food safety. In this study, concentrations of perchlorate were determined in 101 surface soils and 17 fertilizers [nitrogenous (n = 8), nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium (NPK; n = 3), phosphate (n = 2) and non-nitrogenous (n = 4)] collected across Chile from 2017 to 2018. Our results show that perchlorate was detected mainly in agricultural soils (mean: 0.32 ng g-1), grassland rotation sites (0.41 ngg-1) and urban locations (0.38 ng g-1). Interestingly, elevated concentrations of perchlorate (9.66 and 54.0 ng g-1) were found in agricultural soils. All fertilizers contained perchlorate: nitrogenous fertilizers (mean: 32.6 mg kg-1), NPK (mean: 12.6 mg kg-1), non-nitrogenous fertilizers (mean: 10.2 mg kg-1) and phosphates (mean: 11.5 mg kg-1). Only one type of nitrogenous fertilizer (KNO3: 95.3 mg kg-1) exceeded the international regulation limit (50 mg kg-1). For two agronomic practices, the content of perchlorate in lettuce increased as the fertilizer application rate increased, with fertigation promoting a more significant accumulation. However, the concentrations generally remained below regulatory values. Our results suggest that fertilizers constitute an important source of perchlorate in soils.
中文翻译:
智利土壤中高氯酸盐的来源和归宿:使用生菜(Lactuca sativa)田的土壤-作物系统中高氯酸盐动态的案例研究。
高氯酸盐在环境中以硝酸盐沉积物的形式自然存在,并且可以在大气中形成并沉淀到土壤中。然而,人们对智利土壤和肥料中高氯酸盐的出现和水平及其对农业系统和食品安全的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中,测定了 101 种表层土壤和 17 种肥料中的高氯酸盐浓度 [含氮 (n = 8)、氮-磷-钾 (NPK;n = 3)、磷酸盐 (n = 2) 和非氮 (n = 4)] 2017 年至 2018 年在智利各地收集的数据。我们的结果显示,高氯酸盐主要在农业土壤(平均值:0.32 ng g-1)、草地轮作地(0.41 ngg-1)和城市地点(0.38 ng g-1)中检测到。 )。有趣的是,在农业土壤中发现高氯酸盐浓度升高(9.66 和 54.0 ng g-1)。所有肥料均含有高氯酸盐:氮肥(平均值:32.6 mg kg-1)、NPK(平均值:12.6 mg kg-1)、非氮肥料(平均值:10.2 mg kg-1)和磷酸盐(平均值:11.5 mg kg-1) 1)。只有一种氮肥(KNO3:95.3 mg kg-1)超出了国际规定限量(50 mg kg-1)。两种农艺操作中,生菜中高氯酸盐含量随着施肥量的增加而增加,其中施肥促进积累更为显着。然而,浓度通常仍低于监管值。我们的结果表明肥料是土壤中高氯酸盐的重要来源。
更新日期:2020-04-28
中文翻译:
智利土壤中高氯酸盐的来源和归宿:使用生菜(Lactuca sativa)田的土壤-作物系统中高氯酸盐动态的案例研究。
高氯酸盐在环境中以硝酸盐沉积物的形式自然存在,并且可以在大气中形成并沉淀到土壤中。然而,人们对智利土壤和肥料中高氯酸盐的出现和水平及其对农业系统和食品安全的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中,测定了 101 种表层土壤和 17 种肥料中的高氯酸盐浓度 [含氮 (n = 8)、氮-磷-钾 (NPK;n = 3)、磷酸盐 (n = 2) 和非氮 (n = 4)] 2017 年至 2018 年在智利各地收集的数据。我们的结果显示,高氯酸盐主要在农业土壤(平均值:0.32 ng g-1)、草地轮作地(0.41 ngg-1)和城市地点(0.38 ng g-1)中检测到。 )。有趣的是,在农业土壤中发现高氯酸盐浓度升高(9.66 和 54.0 ng g-1)。所有肥料均含有高氯酸盐:氮肥(平均值:32.6 mg kg-1)、NPK(平均值:12.6 mg kg-1)、非氮肥料(平均值:10.2 mg kg-1)和磷酸盐(平均值:11.5 mg kg-1) 1)。只有一种氮肥(KNO3:95.3 mg kg-1)超出了国际规定限量(50 mg kg-1)。两种农艺操作中,生菜中高氯酸盐含量随着施肥量的增加而增加,其中施肥促进积累更为显着。然而,浓度通常仍低于监管值。我们的结果表明肥料是土壤中高氯酸盐的重要来源。