For realizing practically viable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, it is imperative to stabilize Li deposition and improve cyclability while reducing excess Li and electrolyte. We have discovered that introducing tellurium (Te) into the Li-S system as a cathode additive significantly improves the reversibility of Li plating and stripping by forming a tellurized and sulfide-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Li surface. A remarkable improvement in cyclability is demonstrated in anode-free full cells with limited Li inventory and large-area Li-S pouch cells under lean electrolyte conditions. Tellurium reacts with polysulfides to generate soluble polytellurosulfides that migrate to the anode side and form stabilizing lithium thiotellurate and lithium telluride in situ as SEI components. A significant reduction in electrolyte decomposition on the Li surface is also engendered. This work demonstrates Te inclusion as a viable strategy for stabilizing Li deposition and establishes a robust evaluation framework for preserving electrochemical performance under limited Li and limited electrolyte conditions.

为了实现实际上可行的锂硫（Li-S）电池，必须稳定Li的沉积并提高可循环性，同时减少过量的Li和电解质。我们已经发现，通过将碲（Te）作为阴极添加剂引入Li-S系统中，可以在Li表面上形成碲化且富含硫化物的固体电解质中间相（SEI）层，从而显着提高Li电镀和剥离的可逆性。在贫电解液条件下，Li存量有限的无阳极全电池和大面积的Li-S袋式电池，证明了可循环性的显着提高。碲与多硫化物反应生成可溶的多碲化硫化物，其迁移到阳极侧并原位形成稳定的硫代碲酸锂和碲化锂作为SEI组件。Li表面上电解质分解的明显减少也被引起。这项工作证明了Te夹杂物是稳定Li沉积的可行策略，并建立了一个鲁棒的评估框架以在有限的Li和有限的电解质条件下保持电化学性能。