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Seasonal changes in mixed-species bird flocks and antipredator information.
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6280
Demeng Jiang 1 , Kathryn E Sieving 2 , Estelle Meaux 1 , Eben Goodale 1
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6280
Demeng Jiang 1 , Kathryn E Sieving 2 , Estelle Meaux 1 , Eben Goodale 1
Affiliation
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Animals acquire information produced by other species to reduce uncertainty and avoid predators. Mixed‐species flocks (MSFs) of birds are ubiquitous in forest ecosystems and structured, in part, around interspecific information transfer, with “nuclear” species providing information that other species eavesdrop on. We hypothesized that in a seasonal tropical forest, the amount of information produced by birds about predation would be dynamic and particularly would decrease inside MSFs when the nuclear species leave MSFs to breed. We obtained baseline information on MSF encounter rate and species composition along established sampling routes over 9 months near the Sino‐Vietnamese border. We also conducted three experiments to quantify information produced by different species in response to typical predator encounters, including a moving predator stimulus presented inside of MSFs, and a stationary predator model presented both inside and outside of MSFs. MSFs were much less frequent in the breeding season with fewer individuals of the nuclear species, David's Fulvetta (Alcippe davidi ), participating, though the diversity of other species remained stable. Fulvettas were the dominant producer of alarm‐related information both to the moving and stationary stimuli in MSFs and were also among the most active mobbers to stimuli presented outside of MSFs. In the breeding season, they tended to call less to the moving stimulus, and substantially fewer individuals responded to the in‐flock stationary stimulus. Other species increased their own information production at stationary predator stimuli (inside and outside of MSFs) during the breeding season, perhaps due to their increased investment in offspring during this time. Yet even during the breeding season, David's Fulvetta remained the highest producer of information about predators in MSFs. Hence, while we show that information production in MSFs can be somewhat dynamic, we describe a continually asymmetric communication system, in which a nuclear species is important to the whole community.
中文翻译:
混合物种鸟群的季节性变化和反捕食者信息。
动物获取其他物种产生的信息以减少不确定性并避免捕食者。混合物种鸟类群(MSF)在森林生态系统中无处不在,其结构在一定程度上围绕种间信息传递进行,其中“核”物种提供其他物种窃听的信息。我们假设,在季节性热带森林中,鸟类产生的有关捕食的信息量是动态的,特别是当核物种离开无国界生物进行繁殖时,无国界生物内部的信息量会减少。我们获得了中越边境附近 9 个月内沿既定采样路线的无国界医生遭遇率和物种组成的基线信息。我们还进行了三项实验,以量化不同物种响应典型捕食者遭遇而产生的信息,包括无国界医生组织内部呈现的移动捕食者刺激,以及无国界医生组织内部和外部呈现的静止捕食者模型。尽管其他物种的多样性保持稳定,但无国界医生在繁殖季节的频率要低得多,参与核种的大卫氏富维塔( Alcippe davidi )个体较少。富尔维塔人是无国界医生组织中移动和静止刺激物中警报相关信息的主要产生者,也是对无国界医生组织之外的刺激物最活跃的暴徒之一。在繁殖季节,它们对移动刺激的反应往往较少,对群体中的固定刺激做出反应的个体也少得多。其他物种在繁殖季节期间在固定捕食者刺激(无国界医生组织内部和外部)下增加了自己的信息生产,这可能是由于它们在这段时间增加了对后代的投资。 然而,即使在繁殖季节,大卫氏富维塔仍然是无国界医生组织中捕食者信息最多的生产者。因此,虽然我们表明无国界医生中的信息生产可能是动态的,但我们描述了一个持续不对称的通信系统,其中核物种对整个社区都很重要。
更新日期:2020-06-26
中文翻译:

混合物种鸟群的季节性变化和反捕食者信息。
动物获取其他物种产生的信息以减少不确定性并避免捕食者。混合物种鸟类群(MSF)在森林生态系统中无处不在,其结构在一定程度上围绕种间信息传递进行,其中“核”物种提供其他物种窃听的信息。我们假设,在季节性热带森林中,鸟类产生的有关捕食的信息量是动态的,特别是当核物种离开无国界生物进行繁殖时,无国界生物内部的信息量会减少。我们获得了中越边境附近 9 个月内沿既定采样路线的无国界医生遭遇率和物种组成的基线信息。我们还进行了三项实验,以量化不同物种响应典型捕食者遭遇而产生的信息,包括无国界医生组织内部呈现的移动捕食者刺激,以及无国界医生组织内部和外部呈现的静止捕食者模型。尽管其他物种的多样性保持稳定,但无国界医生在繁殖季节的频率要低得多,参与核种的大卫氏富维塔( Alcippe davidi )个体较少。富尔维塔人是无国界医生组织中移动和静止刺激物中警报相关信息的主要产生者,也是对无国界医生组织之外的刺激物最活跃的暴徒之一。在繁殖季节,它们对移动刺激的反应往往较少,对群体中的固定刺激做出反应的个体也少得多。其他物种在繁殖季节期间在固定捕食者刺激(无国界医生组织内部和外部)下增加了自己的信息生产,这可能是由于它们在这段时间增加了对后代的投资。 然而,即使在繁殖季节,大卫氏富维塔仍然是无国界医生组织中捕食者信息最多的生产者。因此,虽然我们表明无国界医生中的信息生产可能是动态的,但我们描述了一个持续不对称的通信系统,其中核物种对整个社区都很重要。