农田水土流失测量的二十年：瑞士的年变化，空间分布和保护计划对水土流失率的影响,Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

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农田水土流失测量的二十年：瑞士的年变化，空间分布和保护计划对水土流失率的影响
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1002/esp.4829
Volker Prasuhn ₁

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在景观规模上对土壤侵蚀的长期野外评估非常少。此类监测程序可创建有关土壤侵蚀的严重程度，程度，频率和类型以及特定农作物的脆弱性的可靠数据。在1997年至2017年的20年监测计划中，对伯尔尼州（瑞士）耕地上的203个田地进行了精确的侵蚀破坏测绘。在115次现场检查中，记录了4060个现场年和2165个测绘的侵蚀系统。由于在此期间实施了一些土壤保护计划，因此建立并比较了两个10年时间段（1997年10月1日至2007年9月30日[P1]和2007年10月1日至2017年9月30日[P2]）。P1的土壤侵蚀率已经很低（平均：0.74 t公顷- ¹ 年^-1），但在P2中显着下降（平均：0.20 t公顷- ¹ 年^-1）。在P1和P2期间，分别有12％和42％的田地没有可见的侵蚀。在10年内，P1中每个字段的侵蚀平均发生3.2次，P2中仅发生1.3次。土壤流失在空间上是集中的，并与地形定义的路径（thalwegs，斜坡洼地）或人为的流动路径（轮迹，有轨电车，岬角）相关。到2015年，经济激励措施，农民意识的提高，创新承包商的农民以及州机构的良好推广服务，通过保护性耕作方法，保护了研究区85％的耕地。结果，水土流失得到了明显减少。

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Twenty years of soil erosion on‐farm measurement: Annual variation, spatial distribution and the impact of conservation programmes for soil loss rates in Switzerland

Long‐term field assessments of soil erosion on the landscape scale are very scarce. Such monitoring programmes create sound data regarding severity, extent, frequency and types of soil erosion and the vulnerability of particular crops. In a 20‐year monitoring programme between 1997 and 2017, accurate erosion damage mapping was carried out on 203 fields on arable land in the Canton of Berne (Switzerland). During 115 field inspections, 4060 field years and 2165 mapped erosion systems were recorded. Because several soil conservation programmes were implemented during this period, two 10‐year time periods (1st October 1997 to 30th September 2007 [P1] and 1st October 2007 to 30th September 2017 [P2]) were established and compared. The soil erosion rate was already low in P1 (mean: 0.74 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), but decreased significantly in P2 (mean: 0.20 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). During P1 and P2, respectively, 12 and 42% of the fields were without any visible erosion. Within 10 years, erosion occurred on each field on average 3.2 times in P1 and only 1.3 times in P2. Soil losses are spatially concentrated and linked to topographically defined pathways (thalwegs, slope depressions) or human‐made flow pathways (wheel tracks, tramlines, headlands). Financial incentives, rising awareness among farmers, innovative contractor farmers and good extension service of cantonal agencies helped conserve 85% of the arable land in the study area with conservation tillage methods by 2015. As a result, soil erosion was significantly reduced.

更新日期：2020-02-20

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