<br>红蜘蛛对真菌感染敏感性的种间和种内变异：对生物防治长期成功的影响,Ecology and Evolution

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红蜘蛛对真菌感染敏感性的种间和种内变异：对生物防治长期成功的影响
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5958
Flore Zélé ₁ , Mustafa Altıntaş ₂ , Inês Santos ₁ , Ibrahim Cakmak ₂ , Sara Magalhães ₁

Affiliation

蜘蛛螨是世界范围内几种一年生和多年生作物的严重害虫，常常造成严重的经济损失。由于该类群农药抗性的快速演变阻碍了化学防治的效率，因此正在开发替代控制策略，例如使用昆虫病原真菌。然而，虽然一些研究侧重于评估不同真菌物种和/或分离株的控制潜力以及它们与其他控制方法（例如捕食者或化学农药）的兼容性，但对种间和种内变异程度的了解红蜘蛛对真菌感染的敏感性尚处于萌芽阶段。在这里，我们测量了两种通用真菌白僵菌和绿僵菌在属于不同叶螨属物种的 12 个叶螨群体中引起的死亡率：伊氏叶螨、鲁德尼叶螨和二斑叶螨（绿色和红色形式）。全析因实验。我们发现红蜘蛛对两种真菌感染的敏感性不同。此外，我们还发现了该性状的重要种内变异。这些结果对单一菌株作为生物防治剂的开发提出了警告。事实上，高水平的种内变异表明（a）一刀切的策略可能无法控制红蜘蛛种群，（b）宿主对感染的抵抗力可能会快速进化。最后，我们提出了未来的方向，以更好地了解该系统并提高基于昆虫病原真菌的叶螨控制策略的长期成功。

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Inter‐ and intraspecific variation of spider mite susceptibility to fungal infections: Implications for the long‐term success of biological control

Spider mites are severe pests of several annual and perennial crops worldwide, often causing important economic damages. As rapid evolution of pesticide resistance in this group hampers the efficiency of chemical control, alternative control strategies, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi, are being developed. However, while several studies have focused on the evaluation of the control potential of different fungal species and/or isolates as well as their compatibility with other control methods (e.g., predators or chemical pesticides), knowledge on the extent of inter‐ and intraspecific variation in spider mite susceptibility to fungal infection is as yet incipient. Here, we measured the mortality induced by two generalist fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum, in 12 spider mite populations belonging to different Tetranychus species: T. evansi, T. ludeni, and T. urticae (green and red form), within a full factorial experiment. We found that spider mite species differed in their susceptibility to infection by both fungal species. Moreover, we also found important intraspecific variation for this trait. These results draw caution on the development of single strains as biocontrol agents. Indeed, the high level of intraspecific variation suggests that (a) the one‐size‐fits‐all strategy may fail to control spider mite populations and (b) hosts resistance to infection may evolve at a rapid pace. Finally, we propose future directions to better understand this system and improve the long‐term success of spider mite control strategies based on entomopathogenic fungi.

更新日期：2020-04-12

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