Lifeform indicators reveal large-scale shifts in plankton across the North-West European shelf.,Global Change Biology

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Lifeform indicators reveal large-scale shifts in plankton across the North-West European shelf.
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15066
Jacob Bedford ₁ , Clare Ostle ₂ , David G Johns ₂ , Angus Atkinson ₃ , Mike Best ₄ , Eileen Bresnan ₅ , Margarita Machairopoulou ₅ , Carolyn A Graves ₆ , Michelle Devlin _{6,

7} , Alex Milligan ₆ , Sophie Pitois ₆ , Adam Mellor ₈ , Paul Tett ₉ , Abigail McQuatters-Gollop ₁

Affiliation

Increasing direct human pressures on the marine environment, coupled with climate-driven changes, is a concern to marine ecosystems globally. This requires the development and monitoring of ecosystem indicators for effective management and adaptation planning. Plankton lifeforms (broad functional groups) are sensitive indicators of marine environmental change and can provide a simplified view of plankton biodiversity, building an understanding of change in lower trophic levels. Here, we visualize regional-scale multi-decadal trends in six key plankton lifeforms as well as their correlative relationships with sea surface temperature (SST). For the first time, we collate trends across multiple disparate surveys, comparing the spatially and temporally extensive Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey (offshore) with multiple long-term fixed station-based time-series (inshore) from around the UK coastline. These analyses of plankton lifeforms showed profound long-term changes, which were coherent across large spatial scales. For example, 'diatom' and 'meroplankton' lifeforms showed strong alignment between surveys and coherent regional-scale trends, with the 1998-2017 decadal average abundance of meroplankton being 2.3 times that of 1958-1967 for CPR samples in the North Sea. This major, shelf-wide increase in meroplankton correlated with increasing SSTs, and contrasted with a general decrease in holoplankton (dominated by small copepods), indicating a changing balance of benthic and pelagic fauna. Likewise, inshore-offshore gradients in dinoflagellate trends, with contemporary increases inshore contrasting with multi-decadal decreases offshore (approx. 75% lower decadal mean abundance), urgently require the identification of causal mechanisms. Our lifeform approach allows the collation of many different data types and time-series across the NW European shelf, providing a crucial evidence base for informing ecosystem-based management, and the development of regional adaptation plans.

中文翻译：

生命形态指标揭示了整个西北欧洲大陆架浮游生物的大规模变化。

人类对海洋环境的直接压力不断增加，加上气候驱动的变化，已成为全球海洋生态系统关注的问题。这就需要开发和监测生态系统指标，以进行有效的管理和适应规划。浮游生物的生命形式（广泛的功能群）是海洋环境变化的敏感指标，可以提供浮游生物多样性的简化视图，有助于人们了解较低营养级的变化。在这里，我们可视化了六个主要浮游生物形式的区域尺度多年代际趋势以及它们与海表温度（SST）的相关关系。我们首次整理了多个不同调查的趋势，将时空上连续的浮游生物记录仪（CPR）调查（离岸）与英国海岸线周围多个基于固定站的长期长期时间序列（离岸）进行了比较。这些对浮游生物形态的分析显示出深刻的长期变化，这些变化在较大的空间尺度上是连贯的。例如，``硅藻''和``浮游生物''的生命形式表明调查与区域规模趋势之间的高度一致性，1998-2017年十年间浮游生物的浮游生物平均丰度是北海CPR样本的1958-1967年的2.3倍。浮游生物在架子上的这种主要的，广泛的增加与SSTs的增加相关，并且与浮游生物的总体下降（由小pe足类动物为主）形成对比，表明底栖动物和中上层动物的平衡在变化。同样沿鞭毛趋势的近岸-近海梯度，与当代近岸的增加和近十年来的数十年减少（近十年平均均值降低约75％）形成鲜明对比，迫切需要确定因果关系机制。我们的生命形式方法允许整理整个欧洲西北大陆架的许多不同数据类型和时间序列，为告知基于生态系统的管理和制定区域适应计划提供了重要的证据基础。

更新日期：2020-04-01

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