<br>优化水和磷管理，提高滴灌条件下苜蓿的干草产量和水磷利用效率。,Food Science & Nutrition

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优化水和磷管理，提高滴灌条件下苜蓿的干草产量和水磷利用效率。
Food Science & Nutrition ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1530
Qianbing Zhang ₁ , Junying Liu ₁ , Xuanshuai Liu ₁ , Shengyi Li ₁ , Yanliang Sun ₁ , Weihua Lu ₁ , Chunhui Ma ₁

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苜蓿( Medicago sativa L.)是干旱地区重要的饲用豆科植物，但水资源有限、化肥利用率低制约了其农业发展。同时，滴灌条件下水磷综合对苜蓿生产性能、水分利用效率、磷肥利用效率，特别是干草产量、磷积累量和总磷吸收量影响的研究鲜有报道。这些处理是三种灌溉率（每年 5,250、6,000 和 6,750 m ³ /ha）和四种磷率（每年 0、50、100 和 150 kg/ha）的因子组合，并由 12 个水处理组成。和 P 管理，以随机完整区组设计排列，具有三个重复。 P ₂处理的苜蓿干草总产量、水分利用效率和磷利用效率均显着高于 P ₁和 P ₃处理（ p < .05），施磷后苜蓿干草总产量增加相同灌水量下，较无磷（P ₀ ）处理提高7.43%~29.87%。与P ₀处理相比，0~20 cm 土层的总磷和速效磷浓度高于20~40 cm 和40~60 cm 土层。相关分析表明，干草总产量与总磷吸收量和水分利用效率显着正相关（ p <.01）。累积磷浓度与总磷、速效磷浓度呈显着正相关（ p < .01）并且与磷利用效率呈正相关（ p < .05）。采用隶属函数法对各指标进行评价，对苜蓿生产性能影响最大的3个处理依次为W ₂ P ₂ > W ₃ P ₂ > W ₁ P ₂ 。因此，年灌水量6000 m ³ /ha、施磷量100 kg/ha应被认为是紫花苜蓿高产和水、磷利用效率的最佳管理。

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Optimizing water and phosphorus management to improve hay yield and water- and phosphorus-use efficiency in alfalfa under drip irrigation.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume in arid areas, but limited water resources and low fertilizer utilization have restricted its agricultural development. Meanwhile, studies on the effects of integrated water and phosphorus on production performance and water‐use efficiency and phosphorus‐use efficiency of alfalfa, especially on hay yield, phosphorus accumulation, and total phosphorus uptake are rarely reported under drip irrigation. The treatments were a factorial combination of three irrigation rates (5,250, 6,000, and 6,750 m³/ha per year) and four P rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha per year) and consisted of 12 treatments for water and P management, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Total hay yield and water‐use efficiency and phosphorus‐use efficiency of alfalfa in P₂ treatment were significantly greater than those in the P₁ and P₃ treatments (p < .05), and the total hay yield of alfalfa with phosphorus application increased by 7.43%–29.87% compared with that in the nonphosphorus (P₀) treatment under the same irrigation amount. The total phosphorus and available phosphorus concentrations in the 0–20 cm soil layer were greater than those in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm soil layers compared with those in the P₀ treatment. Correlation analyses showed that total hay yield was significantly positively correlated with total phosphorus uptake and water‐use efficiency (p < .01). The accumulated phosphorus concentration was significantly positively correlated with total phosphorus and available phosphorus concentration (p < .01) and was positively correlated with the phosphorus‐use efficiency (p < .05). The membership function method was used to evaluate all the indicators, and the three treatments that had the greatest influence on the production performance of alfalfa were, in order, W₂P₂ > W₃P₂ > W₁P₂. Therefore, an irrigation rate of 6,000 m³/ha and a phosphorus application rate of 100 kg/ha per year should be considered as the best management for both high yield and water‐use efficiency and phosphorus‐use efficiency of alfalfa.

更新日期：2020-03-19

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