On the heels of exacerbating environmental concerns and ever‐growing global energy demand, development of high‐performance renewable energy‐storage and ‐conversion devices has aroused great interest. The electrode materials, which are the critical components in electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, largely determine the energy‐storage properties, and the development of suitable active electrode materials is crucial to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly EES technologies albeit the challenges. Two‐dimensional transition‐metal chalcogenides (2D TMDs) are promising electrode materials in alkali metal ion batteries and supercapacitors because of ample interlayer space, large specific surface areas, fast ion‐transfer kinetics, and large theoretical capacities achieved through intercalation and conversion reactions. However, they generally suffer from low electronic conductivities as well as substantial volume change and irreversible side reactions during the charge/discharge process, which result in poor cycling stability, poor rate performance, and low round‐trip efficiency. In this Review, recent advances of 2D TMDs‐based electrode materials for alkali metal‐ion energy‐storage devices with the focus on lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), high‐energy lithium–sulfur (Li–S), and lithium–air (Li–O₂) batteries are described. The challenges and future directions of 2D TMDs‐based electrode materials for high‐performance LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, Li–S, and Li–O₂ batteries as well as emerging alkali metal‐ion capacitors are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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二维过渡金属硫属元素化物，用于碱金属离子存储

继加剧环境问题和全球能源需求不断增长之后，高性能可再生能源存储和转换设备的开发引起了人们的极大兴趣。电极材料是电化学储能（EES）设备的关键组件，在很大程度上决定了储能性能，尽管面临挑战，但合适的活性电极材料的开发对于实现高效和环保的EES技术至关重要。二维过渡金属硫属元素化物（2D TMD）是有希望的碱金属离子电池和超级电容器电极材料，因为层间空间足够大，比表面积大，离子迁移动力学快以及通过插层和转化反应实现的理论容量大。然而，它们通常遭受低电导率以及充/放电过程中大量的体积变化和不可逆的副反应的困扰，这导致较差的循环稳定性，较差的速率性能和较低的往返效率。在本综述中，针对基于碱金属离子储能设备的2D TMDs电极材料的最新进展，重点是锂离子电池（LIB），钠离子电池（SIB），钾离子电池（PIB），高能锂硫（Li–S）和锂空气（Li–O₂）描述了电池。还讨论了基于二维TMDs的电极材料对高性能LIB，SIB，PIB，Li–S和Li–O ₂电池以及新兴的碱金属离子电容器的挑战和未来的方向。