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Evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique for speciation of trace metals in estuarine waters - A multimethodological approach.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137784 Ana-Marija Cindrić 1 , Saša Marcinek 1 , Cédric Garnier 2 , Pascal Salaün 3 , Neven Cukrov 1 , Benjamin Oursel 2 , Véronique Lenoble 2 , Dario Omanović 1
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137784 Ana-Marija Cindrić 1 , Saša Marcinek 1 , Cédric Garnier 2 , Pascal Salaün 3 , Neven Cukrov 1 , Benjamin Oursel 2 , Véronique Lenoble 2 , Dario Omanović 1
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Understanding the potential bioavailability of trace metals (TM) in marine systems is of prime importance to implement adapted regulations and efficiently protect our coastal and estuarine waters. In this study Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) technique with two different pore size was used to evaluate the potentially bioavailable fractions (DGT-labile) of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn at various depths of a highly stratified estuary (the Krka River estuary, Croatia) both in winter and summer. DGT-labile concentrations were compared to (1) total dissolved concentrations, (2) concentrations of labile species measured by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV-labile) for Cu and (3) concentrations derived by chemical speciation modelling. High correlation between dissolved and DGT-labile concentrations was found for all metals, except for Zn where contamination problems prevented reliable conclusions. Percentages of DGT-labile fractions over total dissolved concentrations were (AVG ± SD): 92 ± 3%, 64 ± 2%, 23 ± 5%, 61 ± 3% and 57 ± 6% for Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Co, respectively. No significant difference was found between trace metal concentrations measured with an open pore and restricted pore devices, implying the predominance of kinetically labile metal complexes smaller than 1 nm. For Cu, ASV-labile and DGT labile concentrations were highly correlated (0.97) with ASV-labile concentration being around 35% lower than that of the DGT-labile. Modelling of chemical speciation reliably predicted dynamic (free, inorganic and part of organic complexes) concentration of Cd, whereas dynamic concentrations of Cu and Pb were underestimated by 32% and 65%, respectively. In view of the relative simplicity of DGT devices, they are well suited for the monitoring effort of coastal waters, informing on potentially bioavailable concentrations of TM and thereby, helping to achieve good environmental status of coastal waters, as stipulated within the EU Water Framework Directive.
中文翻译：
评估薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术用于河口水中痕量金属的形成-一种多方法学方法。
了解海洋系统中痕量金属（TM）的潜在生物利用度对于实施适应性法规并有效保护我们的沿海和河口水至关重要。在这项研究中，使用具有两种不同孔径的薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术来评估高度分层河口不同深度处Cd，Co，Cu，Ni，Pb和Zn的潜在生物利用组分（对DGT不稳定） （克尔卡河河口，克罗地亚）在冬季和夏季。将DGT不稳定的浓度与（1）总溶解浓度，（2）通过阳极溶出伏安法（ASV不稳定）对Cu测得的不稳定物质的浓度以及（3）通过化学形态模拟得出的浓度进行比较。发现所有金属的溶解浓度和DGT不稳定浓度之间具有高度相关性，锌除外，因为污染问题阻止了可靠的结论。DGT不稳定组分占总溶解浓度的百分比为（AVG±SD）：Cd，Pb，Cu，Ni和Cd为92±3％，64±2％，23±5％，61±3％和57±6％分别。在用开孔和受限孔装置测量的痕量金属浓度之间未发现显着差异，这表明动力学上不稳定的金属络合物的优势在于小于1 nm。对于铜，ASV不稳定和DGT不稳定的浓度高度相关（0.97），ASV不稳定的浓度比DGT不稳定的浓度低约35％。化学形态的建模可靠地预测了Cd的动态（游离，无机和部分有机配合物）浓度，而Cu和Pb的动态浓度分别低估了32％和65％。
更新日期：2020-03-06
中文翻译：
评估薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术用于河口水中痕量金属的形成-一种多方法学方法。
了解海洋系统中痕量金属（TM）的潜在生物利用度对于实施适应性法规并有效保护我们的沿海和河口水至关重要。在这项研究中，使用具有两种不同孔径的薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术来评估高度分层河口不同深度处Cd，Co，Cu，Ni，Pb和Zn的潜在生物利用组分（对DGT不稳定） （克尔卡河河口，克罗地亚）在冬季和夏季。将DGT不稳定的浓度与（1）总溶解浓度，（2）通过阳极溶出伏安法（ASV不稳定）对Cu测得的不稳定物质的浓度以及（3）通过化学形态模拟得出的浓度进行比较。发现所有金属的溶解浓度和DGT不稳定浓度之间具有高度相关性，锌除外，因为污染问题阻止了可靠的结论。DGT不稳定组分占总溶解浓度的百分比为（AVG±SD）：Cd，Pb，Cu，Ni和Cd为92±3％，64±2％，23±5％，61±3％和57±6％分别。在用开孔和受限孔装置测量的痕量金属浓度之间未发现显着差异，这表明动力学上不稳定的金属络合物的优势在于小于1 nm。对于铜，ASV不稳定和DGT不稳定的浓度高度相关（0.97），ASV不稳定的浓度比DGT不稳定的浓度低约35％。化学形态的建模可靠地预测了Cd的动态（游离，无机和部分有机配合物）浓度，而Cu和Pb的动态浓度分别低估了32％和65％。
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