Green leaf volatiles and jasmonic acid enhance susceptibility to anthracnose diseases caused by Colletotrichum graminicola in maize.,Molecular Plant Pathology

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Green leaf volatiles and jasmonic acid enhance susceptibility to anthracnose diseases caused by Colletotrichum graminicola in maize.
Molecular Plant Pathology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-27 , DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12924
Zachary Gorman ₁ , Shawn A Christensen _{1,

2} , Yuanxin Yan _{1,

3} , Yongming He _{1,

4} , Eli Borrego _{1,

5} , Michael V Kolomiets ₁

Affiliation

Colletotrichum graminicola is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes anthracnose leaf blight (ALB) and anthracnose stalk rot (ASR) in maize. Despite substantial economic losses caused by these diseases, the defence mechanisms against this pathogen remain poorly understood. Several hormones are suggested to aid in defence against C. graminicola, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), but supporting genetic evidence was not reported. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are a group of well‐characterized volatiles that induce JA biosynthesis in maize and are known to function in defence against necrotrophic pathogens. Information regarding the role of GLVs and JA in interactions with (hemi)biotrophic pathogens remains limited. To functionally elucidate GLVs and JA in defence against a hemibiotrophic pathogen, we tested GLV‐ and JA‐deficient mutants, lox10 and opr7 opr8, respectively, for resistance to ASR and ALB and profiled jasmonates and SA in their stalks and leaves throughout infection. Both mutants were resistant and generally displayed elevated levels of SA and low amounts of jasmonates, especially at early stages of infection. Pretreatment with GLVs restored susceptibility of lox10 mutants, but not opr7 opr8 mutants, which coincided with complete rescue of JA levels. Exogenous methyl jasmonate restored susceptibility in both mutants when applied before inoculation, whereas methyl salicylate did not induce further resistance in either of the mutants, but did induce mutant‐like resistance in the wild type. Collectively, this study reveals that GLVs and JA contribute to maize susceptibility to C. graminicola due to suppression of SA‐related defences.

中文翻译：

绿叶挥发物和茉莉酸增强了玉米中炭疽菌引起的炭疽病的敏感性。

Colletotrichum graminicola是一种半营养性真菌，可引起玉米炭疽病叶枯病（ALB）和炭疽病茎腐病（ASR）。尽管这些疾病造成了巨大的经济损失，但对于这种病原体的防御机制仍然知之甚少。建议使用几种激素来帮助抵抗粒状念珠菌，例如茉莉酸（JA）和水杨酸（SA），但尚无支持的遗传证据。绿叶挥发物（GLV）是一组特性良好的挥发物，可诱导玉米中JA的生物合成，并已知具有防御坏死性病原体的功能。关于GLV和JA在与（半）生物营养病原体相互作用中的作用的信息仍然有限。要针对hemibiotrophic病原体的防御功能阐发GLVS和JA，我们测试GLV-和JA-缺失突变体，lox10和opr7 opr8在整个感染过程中，分别对它们的茎和叶中的ASR和ALB以及异型茉莉和SA具有抗性。两种突变体均具有抗性，通常表现出较高的SA水平和少量的茉莉酸酯，尤其是在感染的早期。预处理GLVS恢复的敏感性lox10突变体，但不是opr7 opr8突变体，这与JA水平的完整的救援一致。外源茉莉酸甲酯在接种前均恢复了两个突变体的药敏性，而水杨酸甲酯在这两个突变体中均未引起进一步的抗药性，但在野生型中却诱导了类似突变体的抗药性。总的来说，这项研究表明，GLV和JA促进了玉米对粉纹梭菌的敏感性。由于抑制了与SA有关的防御。

更新日期：2020-02-27

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