Central venous stenosis (CVS) is encountered frequently among hemodialysis patients. Prior ipsilateral central venous catheterization and cardiac rhythm device insertions are common risk factors, but CVS can also occur in the absence of this history. Chronic CVS can cause thrombosis with partial or complete occlusion of the central vein at the site of stenosis. CVS is frequently asymptomatic and identified as an incidental finding during imaging studies. Symptomatic CVS presents most commonly as an upper- or lower-extremity edema ipsilateral to the CVS. Previously unsuspected CVS may become symptomatic after placement of an ipsilateral vascular access. The likelihood of symptomatic CVS may be affected by the central venous catheter (CVC) location; CVC side; duration of CVC dependence; type, location, and blood flow of the ipsilateral access; and extent of collateral veins. Venous angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement can improve the stenosis and alleviate symptoms, but CVS typically recurs frequently, requiring repeated interventions. Refractory symptomatic CVS may require ligation of the ipsilateral vascular access. Because no available treatment option is curative, the goal should be to prevent CVS by minimizing catheters and central vein instrumentation in patients with chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients.

血液透析患者经常遇到中央静脉狭窄（CVS）。先前的同侧中央静脉导管插入术和心律仪插入是常见的危险因素，但在没有此病史的情况下也可能发生CVS。慢性CVS可导致血栓形成，狭窄部位的中央静脉部分或完全闭塞。CVS通常无症状，在影像学研究中被认为是偶然发现的。有症状的CVS最常表现为CVS同侧的上肢或下肢水肿。放置同侧血管通路后，以前未曾怀疑的CVS可能会出现症状。症状性CVS的可能性可能受中央静脉导管（CVC）位置的影响；CVC端；CVC依赖的持续时间；同侧通路的类型，位置和血流；和副静脉的范围。静脉血管造影是诊断的金标准。经皮腔内血管成形术和支架置入可以改善狭窄并减轻症状，但是CVS通常会经常复发，需要反复干预。难治性症状性CVS可能需要结扎同侧血管通路。由于尚无有效的治疗方法，因此目标应是通过减少慢性肾脏病患者和透析患者的导管和中心静脉器械来预防CVS。难治性症状性CVS可能需要结扎同侧血管通路。由于尚无有效的治疗方法，因此目标应是通过减少慢性肾脏病患者和透析患者的导管和中心静脉器械来预防CVS。难治性症状性CVS可能需要结扎同侧血管通路。由于尚无有效的治疗方法，因此目标应是通过减少慢性肾脏病患者和透析患者的导管和中心静脉器械来预防CVS。