Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2016-06-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.06.003
Lisa J. Yost , Joseph D. Rodricks , Duncan Turnbull , Paul C. DeLeo , J. Frank Nash , Antonio Quiñones-Rivera , Pete A. Carlson
A quantitative human risk assessment of chloroxylenol was conducted for liquid hand and dishwashing soap products used by consumers and health-care workers. The toxicological data for chloroxylenol indicate lack of genotoxicity, no evidence of carcinogenicity, and minimal systemic toxicity. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) were established from chronic toxicity studies, specifically a carcinogenicity study that found no cancer excess (18 mg/kg-day) and studies of developmental and reproductive toxicity (100 mg/kg-day). Exposure to chloroxylenol for adults and children was estimated for two types of rinse-off cleaning products, one liquid hand soap, and two dishwashing products. The identified NOAELs were used together with exposure estimates to derive margin of exposure (MOE) estimates for chloroxylenol (i.e., estimates of exposure over NOAELs). These estimates were designed with conservative assumptions and likely overestimate exposure and risk (i.e., highest frequency, 100% dermal penetration). The resulting MOEs ranged from 178 to over 100, 000, 000 indicating negligibly small potential for harm related to consumer or health-care worker exposure to chloroxylenol in liquid soaps used in dish washing and hand washing.
中文翻译:

消费者和卫生保健专业人员使用的洗手液和洗碗皂中氯氧亚麻酚的人体健康风险评估
对消费者和卫生保健工作者使用的洗手液和洗碗皂产品进行了氯氧亚麻酚的人为风险定量评估。氯乙氧基酚的毒理学数据表明缺乏遗传毒性,没有致癌性证据,并且全身毒性最小。从慢性毒性研究,特别是未发现癌症过量的致癌性研究(18 mg / kg-day)以及发育和生殖毒性(100 mg / kg-day)的研究中,未建立观察到的不良反应水平(NOAEL)。估计有两种类型的漂洗清洁产品,一种洗手液和两种洗碗产品都暴露于成人和儿童的氯羟亚麻酚中。识别出的NOAEL与暴露估计值一起使用,以得出氯乙氧基酚的暴露裕度(MOE)估计值(即,NOAEL的暴露估算值)。这些估计值是基于保守的假设而设计的,可能会高估暴露量和风险(即最高频率,100%皮肤渗透率)。产生的MOE从178到超过100,000,000,表明与消费者或卫生保健工作者接触洗碗和洗手液中的氯氧苯酚所产生的危害的可能性微不足道。