The preparation of a series of novel low viscosity 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) is performed following dedicated synthetic routes. The physico-chemical properties of resulting molecular solvent-free ILs (true ILs) are investigated and discussed systematically toward the anion constituents. Herein, six electrolytes are studied including one planar structured anion (DCA⁻) and five anions presenting non-planar structures (PF₆⁻, TFSI⁻, BF₄⁻, TFA⁻ and OTf⁻). The as-prepared ILs are employed as green electrolytes for symmetric electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) based on graphene nanosheets (GNS) electrodes. The EDLC devices deliver specific capacitances ranging from 135 to 228 F·g^− 1, and suitable energy densities, ranging from 41 to 115 Wh·kg^− 1. An electrochemical stability of 94% is reached upon 1000 charge/discharge cycles over a large cell voltage window (3–4 V) with a quasi-ideal capacitive behaviour. Among the studied ILs, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanmide (AMIM-DCA) exhibit the highest specific capacitance and the maximum energy density. Such a performance is attributed to the compatibility between the channel-based 2-D graphene network and the planar structure of AMIM-DCA. The resulting AMIM-DCA/GNS interface facilitates the reversible adsorption/desorption process of electrolyte ions during the charge storage. Accordingly, the studied EDLC cells are promising candidates for high-capacity and high-reliability energy-storage applications.

遵循专用合成路线，进行了一系列新型低粘度1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓离子液体（ILs）的制备。系统地研究和讨论了所得的无溶剂分子IL（真实IL）的理化性质，涉及阴离子成分。这里，6和电解质进行了研究，包括一个平面结构化阴离子（DCA ^- ）和五个阴离子呈现非平面结构（PF ₆ ^-，TFSI ^-，BF ₄ ^-，TFA ^-和光学传递函数^-）。所制备的IL用作基于石墨烯纳米片（GNS）电极的对称电化学双层电容器（EDLC）的绿色电解质。EDLC设备提供的比电容范围为135至228 F·g ^-1，合适的能量密度范围为41至115 Wh·kg ^-1。在较大的电池电压窗口（3-4 V）上，经过1000次充/放电循环，具有近似理想的电容性能，电化学稳定性达到94％。在研究的离子液体中，1-氰基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双氰胺（AMIM-DCA）具有最高的比电容和最大的能量密度。这种性能归因于基于通道的二维石墨烯网络与AMIM-DCA的平面结构之间的兼容性。所得的AMIM-DCA / GNS界面有助于电荷存储过程中电解质离子的可逆吸附/解吸过程。因此，所研究的EDLC电池是高容量和高可靠性储能应用的有希望的候选者。