Dinotefuran, as the latest generation of neonicotinoid insecticide, has broad application prospects around the world. However, dinotefuran is easily metabolized and the two main metabolites are 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidium dihydrogen (DN). In the present study, the risks of UF and DN in soil on typical non-target species earthworm were investigated. In the same time, the degradation in soil and accumulation in earthworms of UF and DN were monitored. The present results showed that the toxicities of UF and DN were similar in their effect on earthworms and they were supertoxic pollutants to earthworms. The degradation trend in soil and accumulation trend in earthworms of UF and DN were consistent throughout the whole exposure period. At 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, UF and DN could induce the excess production of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress effects in earthworm cells. The excess ROS induce changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, damage in biomacromolecules, and abnormal expression of function genes. The present results showed that UF and DN may have high risks for earthworms.

Dinotefuran作为最新一代的新烟碱类杀虫剂，在世界范围内具有广阔的应用前景。然而，二替呋喃很容易被代谢，并且两个主要代谢物是1-甲基-3-（四氢-3-呋喃甲基）尿素（UF）和1-甲基-3-（四氢-3-呋喃甲基）胍二氢胍（DN）。在本研究中，调查了典型非目标物种earth在土壤中的UF和DN风险。同时，监测了UF和DN的土壤退化和and的积累。目前的结果表明，UF和DN对on的毒性相似，它们是to的超毒污染物。在整个暴露期间，UF和DN的土壤退化趋势和worm的积累趋势是一致的。在1.0 mg / kg和2.0 mg / kg的情况下，UF和DN可能诱导ROS的过量产生，从而导致worm细胞中的氧化应激效应。过量的ROS会引起抗氧化酶活性的变化，生物大分子的损伤以及功能基因的异常表达。目前的结果表明，UF和DN对have具有很高的风险。