Cross-linked carbon nanofiber (CLCNF) was successfully prepared by directly carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber. Comparing to non-cross-linked carbon nanofiber (NCLCNF) obtained via carbonizing of pre-oxidation PAN nanofiber, CLCNF shows better conductivity owing to its cross-linked structure. Then CLCNF was used as scaffold to support polyaniline (PANi) nanorods for supercapacitor electrode material. The hierarchical CLCNF/PANi composite displays a capacity of 206C g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ with excellent rate capability (remains 49% even at 800 A g⁻¹), which is much higher than that of NCLCNF/PANi composite (17%). More interestingly, supercapacitor device based on CLCNF/PANi composite achieves 75.3% capacity retention after 10000 charge-discharge cycles at 10 A g⁻¹, suggesting excellent cycle stability. All these experimental results indicate that this method for fabricating CLCNF is a substantial advancement towards the practical applications of carbon nanofiber in energy conversion and storage field.

通过将电纺聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维直接碳化，成功制备了交联碳纳米纤维（CLCNF）。与通过预氧化PAN纳米纤维碳化获得的非交联碳纳米纤维（NCLCNF）相比，由于其交联结构，CLCNF具有更好的导电性。然后将CLCNF用作支架以支撑聚苯胺（PANi）纳米棒作为超级电容器电极材料。分层CLCNF / PANi复合材料在0.5 A g ^-1时显示出206C g ^-1的容量，具有极好的速率能力（即使在800 A g ^-1时仍保持49％的容量）），比NCLCNF / PANi复合材料（17％）高得多。更有趣的是，基于CLCNF / PANi复合材料的超级电容器器件在10 A g ^-1下进行10000次充放电循环后，容量保持率达到75.3％，这表明其出色的循环稳定性。所有这些实验结果表明，这种制造CLCNF的方法是朝着碳纳米纤维在能量转换和存储领域中的实际应用的实质性进步。