The tubulin code and its role in controlling microtubule properties and functions.,Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

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The tubulin code and its role in controlling microtubule properties and functions.
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology ( IF 81.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-27 , DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0214-3
Carsten Janke _{1,

2} , Maria M Magiera _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Microtubules are core components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton with essential roles in cell division, shaping, motility and intracellular transport. Despite their functional heterogeneity, microtubules have a highly conserved structure made from almost identical molecular building blocks: the tubulin proteins. Alternative tubulin isotypes and a variety of post-translational modifications control the properties and functions of the microtubule cytoskeleton, a concept known as the 'tubulin code'. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular components of the tubulin code and how they impact microtubule properties and functions. We discuss how tubulin isotypes and post-translational modifications control microtubule behaviour at the molecular level and how this translates into physiological functions at the cellular and organism levels. We then go on to show how fine-tuning of microtubule function by some tubulin modifications can affect homeostasis and how perturbation of this fine-tuning can lead to a range of dysfunctions, many of which are linked to human disease.

中文翻译：

微管蛋白代码及其在控制微管特性和功能中的作用。

微管是真核细胞骨架的核心组成部分，在细胞分裂，塑形，运动性和细胞内运输中起着至关重要的作用。尽管微管具有功能异质性，但它们具有由几乎相同的分子构件：微管蛋白构成的高度保守的结构。可选的微管蛋白同种型和多种翻译后修饰控制着微管细胞骨架的特性和功能，这一概念被称为“微管蛋白密码”。在这里，我们回顾了当前对微管蛋白密码的分子成分以及它们如何影响微管特性和功能的理解。我们讨论微管蛋白同种型和翻译后修饰如何在分子水平上控制微管行为，以及如何在细胞和生物体水平上转化为生理功能。然后，我们继续展示微管蛋白修饰对微管功能的微调如何影响稳态，以及微调的微扰如何导致一系列功能障碍，其中许多功能障碍与人类疾病有关。

更新日期：2020-02-27

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