Novel brominated flame retardants in West Antarctic atmosphere (2011-2018): Temporal trends, sources and chiral signature.,Science of the Total Environment

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Novel brominated flame retardants in West Antarctic atmosphere (2011-2018): Temporal trends, sources and chiral signature.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137557
Junpeng Zhao ₁ , Pu Wang ₂ , Chu Wang ₁ , Min Fu ₃ , Yingming Li ₄ , Ruiqiang Yang ₄ , Jianjie Fu ₄ , Yanfen Hao ₁ , Julius Matsiko ₅ , Qinghua Zhang ₆ , Guibin Jiang ₁

Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Directorate of Research, Innovation, Consultancy and Extension, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Busitema University, P.O. Box 236, Tororo, Uganda.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.

Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were comprehensively investigated in both gaseous and particle phase samples collected using a high-volume active air sampler (HV-AAS) at the Chinese Great Wall Station in King George Island, West Antarctica from 2011 to 2018. The concentrations of ∑12NBFRs ranged from 0.27 to 3.0 pg m-3, with a mean value of 1.1 ± 0.50 pg m-3 and the levels showed a slightly increasing trend over the eight years. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the predominant NBFR with a relative contribution of 50% on average. Most of the studied NBFRs tended to distribute in gaseous phase with an average ratio of 72 ± 16% while NBFRs with higher log KOA values had higher proportions in particle phase. The gas/particle partitioning models were employed to evaluate the environmental behavior of NBFRs. Compared to the equilibrium-state-based model, the steady-state-based model performed much better to predict the gas/particle partitioning of NBFRs in the West Antarctic atmosphere. Additionally, no temperature dependence was found for NBFRs except rac-(1R,2R,5R,6R)-1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (β-TBCO). The annual mean concentrations of ∑12NBFRs showed a significantly negative correlation with the frequency of east-southeast (ESE, 112.5°) wind and calm wind (~0 m s-1) (p < 0.05), and a significantly positive correlation with the frequency of wind from northwest interval (west to north-northwest, 270° to 337.5°) (p < 0.05), suggesting a significant effect of air mass from the ocean area. Furthermore, the chiral signature of NBFRs showed commonly non-racemic residue in the atmosphere. The enantiomer fractions (EF) of rac-(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-(4S)-4-((1R)-1,2-dibromoethly)cyclohexane (α-TBECH) and β-TBCO were 0.115-0.962 and 0.281-0.795, revealing secondary sources of NBFRs, e.g., seawater-air exchange and/or non-racemic residue in the source regions. As far as we know, this is one of very few studies on NBFRs in the Antarctic atmosphere.

更新日期：2020-02-25

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