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Blocking facial mimicry affects recognition of facial and body expressions.
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229364 Sara Borgomaneri 1, 2 , Corinna Bolloni 1 , Paola Sessa 3, 4 , Alessio Avenanti 1, 5
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229364 Sara Borgomaneri 1, 2 , Corinna Bolloni 1 , Paola Sessa 3, 4 , Alessio Avenanti 1, 5
Affiliation
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Facial mimicry is commonly defined as the tendency to imitate-at a sub-threshold level-facial expressions of other individuals. Numerous studies support a role of facial mimicry in recognizing others' emotions. However, the underlying functional mechanism is unclear. A prominent hypothesis considers facial mimicry as based on an action-perception loop, leading to the prediction that facial mimicry should be observed only when processing others' facial expressions. Nevertheless, previous studies have also detected facial mimicry during observation of emotional bodily expressions. An emergent alternative hypothesis is that facial mimicry overtly reflects the simulation of an "emotion", rather than the reproduction of a specific observed motor pattern. In the present study, we tested whether blocking mimicry ("Bite") on the lower face disrupted recognition of happy expressions conveyed by either facial or body expressions. In Experiment 1, we tested participants' ability to identify happy, fearful and neutral expressions in the Bite condition and in two control conditions. In Experiment 2, to ensure that such a manipulation selectively affects emotion recognition, we tested participants' ability to recognize emotional expressions, as well as the actors' gender, under the Bite condition and a control condition. Finally, we investigated the relationship between dispositional empathy and emotion recognition under the condition of blocked mimicry. Our findings demonstrated that blocking mimicry on the lower face hindered recognition of happy facial and body expressions, while the recognition of neutral and fearful expressions was not affected by the mimicry manipulation. The mimicry manipulation did not affect the gender discrimination task. Furthermore, the impairment of happy expression recognition correlated with empathic traits. These results support the role of facial mimicry in emotion recognition and suggest that facial mimicry reflects a global sensorimotor simulation of others' emotions rather than a muscle-specific reproduction of an observed motor expression.
中文翻译：
阻止面部模仿会影响对面部和身体表情的识别。
面部模仿通常被定义为在其他阈值水平上模仿其他人的面部表情的趋势。许多研究支持面部模仿在识别他人情绪中的作用。但是，潜在的功能机制尚不清楚。一个著名的假设认为面部模仿是基于动作知觉循环的，从而得出这样的预测，即只有在处理其他人的面部表情时才应该观察到面部模仿。尽管如此，以前的研究还发现了在观察身体表情时的面部模仿。一个新兴的替代假设是，面部模仿明显反映了“情感”的模拟，而不是特定观察到的运动模式的再现。在本研究中，我们测试了是否可以阻止模仿（“叮咬” ）在下脸上打乱了面部或身体表情所表达的快乐表情。在实验1中，我们测试了参与者在“咬合”条件和两个对照条件下识别快乐，恐惧和中立表情的能力。在实验2中，为了确保这种操作有选择地影响情绪识别，我们在“咬合”条件和控制条件下测试了参与者识别情绪表达的能力以及演员的性别。最后，我们研究了模仿模仿条件下性情移情与情绪识别之间的关系。我们的发现表明，阻止下脸的模仿行为阻碍了对快乐的面部和身体表情的识别，而中性和恐惧表情的识别不受模仿操作的影响。模仿操作不会影响性别歧视任务。此外，快乐表达识别的障碍与移情特征有关。这些结果支持面部模仿在情感识别中的作用，并表明面部模仿反映了他人情感的全局感官模拟，而不是观察到的运动表达的特定于肌肉的再现。
更新日期：2020-02-21
中文翻译：
阻止面部模仿会影响对面部和身体表情的识别。
面部模仿通常被定义为在其他阈值水平上模仿其他人的面部表情的趋势。许多研究支持面部模仿在识别他人情绪中的作用。但是，潜在的功能机制尚不清楚。一个著名的假设认为面部模仿是基于动作知觉循环的，从而得出这样的预测，即只有在处理其他人的面部表情时才应该观察到面部模仿。尽管如此，以前的研究还发现了在观察身体表情时的面部模仿。一个新兴的替代假设是，面部模仿明显反映了“情感”的模拟，而不是特定观察到的运动模式的再现。在本研究中，我们测试了是否可以阻止模仿（“叮咬” ）在下脸上打乱了面部或身体表情所表达的快乐表情。在实验1中，我们测试了参与者在“咬合”条件和两个对照条件下识别快乐，恐惧和中立表情的能力。在实验2中，为了确保这种操作有选择地影响情绪识别，我们在“咬合”条件和控制条件下测试了参与者识别情绪表达的能力以及演员的性别。最后，我们研究了模仿模仿条件下性情移情与情绪识别之间的关系。我们的发现表明，阻止下脸的模仿行为阻碍了对快乐的面部和身体表情的识别，而中性和恐惧表情的识别不受模仿操作的影响。模仿操作不会影响性别歧视任务。此外，快乐表达识别的障碍与移情特征有关。这些结果支持面部模仿在情感识别中的作用，并表明面部模仿反映了他人情感的全局感官模拟，而不是观察到的运动表达的特定于肌肉的再现。
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