在大多数富营养化湖泊中，持续的氮污染有利于有毒蓝藻的生长而不是绿藻。,Environmental Science & Technology

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在大多数富营养化湖泊中，持续的氮污染有利于有毒蓝藻的生长而不是绿藻。
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06299
Matthew J Bogard ₁ , Richard J Vogt ₁ , Nicole M Hayes ₁ , Peter R Leavitt _{1,

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Affiliation

自1860年以来，人类向环境中释放的反应性氮（N）增长了10倍，预计到2050年将进一步增长约75％。大部分这种氮进入农业和城市化地区富含磷（P）的富营养化湖泊分水岭。尽管富营养化湖泊的氮污染可以促进有毒的蓝细菌的生长，但某些极端的氮负荷情况却导致了绿藻（绿藻）的统治地位。由于尚不清楚将群落从蓝细菌转变为绿藻植物优势所需的氮负荷，因此我们在富磷湖中试验了浮游植物对氮负荷梯度的响应。中低剂量（1-3 mg N L-1 week-1）可促进有毒的蓝细菌优势和升高的肝毒素微囊藻毒素浓度。反过来，纯净的城市或农业废水（最高18 mg N L-1 week-1）的负荷特征导致了绿藻在蓝藻上的优势和微囊藻毒素含量的降低。这表明维持绿化植物优势所需的氮负荷并不常见，可能仅限于选择直接暴露于城市或农业废水的浅湖。由于富磷湖泊中的大多数氮污染制度将有利于有毒的蓝细菌优势，限制未来的氮污染将直接或通过限制未来磷的装载量和气候变暖的能力来遏制湖泊中进一步的蓝细菌优势，以推动蓝细菌的增长。可能仅限于选择直接暴露于城市或农业废水的浅水湖泊。由于富磷湖泊中的大多数氮污染制度将有利于有毒的蓝细菌优势，限制未来的氮污染将直接或通过限制未来磷的装载量和气候变暖的能力来遏制湖泊中进一步的蓝细菌优势，以推动蓝细菌的增长。可能仅限于选择直接暴露于城市或农业废水的浅水湖泊。由于富磷湖泊中的大多数氮污染制度将有利于有毒的蓝细菌优势，限制未来的氮污染将直接或通过限制未来磷的装载量和气候变暖的能力来遏制湖泊中进一步的蓝细菌优势，以推动蓝细菌的增长。

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Unabated Nitrogen Pollution Favors Growth of Toxic Cyanobacteria over Chlorophytes in Most Hypereutrophic Lakes.

Human release of reactive nitrogen (N) to the environment has increased 10-fold since 1860 and is expected to increase by a further ∼75% by 2050. Much of this N enters phosphorus (P)-rich, eutrophic lakes in agricultural and urbanized watersheds. While N pollution of eutrophic lakes can promote toxic cyanobacterial growth, some cases of extreme N loading have led to the dominance of chlorophytes (green algae). As N loads required to shift communities from cyanobacterial to chlorophyte dominance are unclear, we experimentally tested phytoplankton responses to a gradient of N loading in a P-rich lake. Low-to-moderate doses (1-3 mg N L-1 week-1) promoted toxic cyanobacterial dominance and elevated concentrations of the hepatotoxin microcystin. Conversely, loads characteristic of pure urban or agricultural effluents (up to 18 mg N L-1 week-1) led to the dominance of chlorophytes over cyanobacteria and lower microcystin content. This indicates that N loads needed to sustain chlorophyte dominance are uncommon, likely restricted to select shallow lakes directly exposed to urban or agricultural effluents. As most N pollution regimes in P-rich lakes will favor toxic cyanobacterial dominance, restricting future N pollution will help curb further cyanobacterial dominance in lakes both directly and by constraining the capacity for future P loading and climate warming to drive cyanobacterial growth.

更新日期：2020-03-05

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