埃博拉病毒病。,Nature Reviews Disease Primers

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埃博拉病毒病。
Nature Reviews Disease Primers ( IF 76.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0147-3
Shevin T Jacob _{1,

2} , Ian Crozier ₃ , William A Fischer ₄ , Angela Hewlett ₅ , Colleen S Kraft ₆ , Marc-Antoine de La Vega ₇ , Moses J Soka ₈ , Victoria Wahl ₉ , Anthony Griffiths ₁₀ , Laura Bollinger ₁₁ , Jens H Kuhn ₁₁

Affiliation

Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research supported by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Nebraska Biocontainment Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Microbiology Section, Emory Medical Laboratory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
Partnership for Ebola Virus Disease Research in Liberia, Monrovia Medical Units ELWA-2 Hospital, Monrovia, Liberia.
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.

埃博拉病毒病（EVD）是由埃博拉病毒（EBOV）引起的严重且经常致命的疾病。埃博拉病毒病的爆发通常始于可能的人畜共患传播的单一病例，然后通过直接接触或接触受感染的体液或受污染的污染物进行人际传播。埃博拉病毒病的病死率很高；其特点是发烧、胃肠道症状和多器官功能障碍综合征。诊断需要结合病例定义和实验室测试，通常是实时逆转录 PCR 来检测病毒 RNA，或基于免疫分析的快速诊断测试来检测 EBOV 抗原。医疗对策研究的最新进展导致欧洲和美国监管机构最近批准了针对埃博拉病毒的疫苗。埃博拉病毒病研究疗法的随机临床试验结果表明，两种针对埃博拉病毒膜糖蛋白的单克隆抗体产品可带来生存益处。 2013-2016 年西非史无前例的埃博拉病毒病疫情（历史上最大规模）和刚果民主共和国持续埃博拉病毒病疫情的新观察结果大大提高了对埃博拉病毒病和埃博拉病毒病幸存者中病毒持续存在的认识，从而制定了新的策略旨在预防感染和优化临床管理、急性疾病结果和满足患者的临床护理需求。

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Ebola virus disease.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe and frequently lethal disease caused by Ebola virus (EBOV). EVD outbreaks typically start from a single case of probable zoonotic transmission, followed by human-to-human transmission via direct contact or contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated fomites. EVD has a high case-fatality rate; it is characterized by fever, gastrointestinal signs and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Diagnosis requires a combination of case definition and laboratory tests, typically real-time reverse transcription PCR to detect viral RNA or rapid diagnostic tests based on immunoassays to detect EBOV antigens. Recent advances in medical countermeasure research resulted in the recent approval of an EBOV-targeted vaccine by European and US regulatory agencies. The results of a randomized clinical trial of investigational therapeutics for EVD demonstrated survival benefits from two monoclonal antibody products targeting the EBOV membrane glycoprotein. New observations emerging from the unprecedented 2013-2016 Western African EVD outbreak (the largest in history) and the ongoing EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have substantially improved the understanding of EVD and viral persistence in survivors of EVD, resulting in new strategies toward prevention of infection and optimization of clinical management, acute illness outcomes and attendance to the clinical care needs of patients.

更新日期：2020-02-20

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