Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana.,Communications Biology

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Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana.
Communications Biology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0777-8
Cheryl L Ames _{1,

2,

3} , Anna M L Klompen _{3,

4} , Krishna Badhiwala ₅ , Kade Muffett _{3,

6} , Abigail J Reft _{3,

7} , Mehr Kumar _{3,

8} , Jennie D Janssen _{3,

9} , Janna N Schultzhaus ₁ , Lauren D Field ₁ , Megan E Muroski ₁ , Nick Bezio _{3,

10} , Jacob T Robinson ₅ , Dagmar H Leary ₁₁ , Paulyn Cartwright ₄ , Allen G Collins _{3,

7} , Gary J Vora ₁₁

Affiliation

National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Postdoctoral Research Associate, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA.
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66049, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA.
National Systematics Laboratory of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2004, USA.
National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
California State University, Monterey Bay, CA, 93955, USA.
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA.

Snorkelers in mangrove forest waters inhabited by the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana report discomfort due to a sensation known as stinging water, the cause of which is unknown. Using a combination of histology, microscopy, microfluidics, videography, molecular biology, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we describe C. xamachana stinging-cell structures that we term cassiosomes. These structures are released within C. xamachana mucus and are capable of killing prey. Cassiosomes consist of an outer epithelial layer mainly composed of nematocytes surrounding a core filled by endosymbiotic dinoflagellates hosted within amoebocytes and presumptive mesoglea. Furthermore, we report cassiosome structures in four additional jellyfish species in the same taxonomic group as C. xamachana (Class Scyphozoa; Order Rhizostomeae), categorized as either motile (ciliated) or nonmotile types. This inaugural study provides a qualitative assessment of the stinging contents of C. xamachana mucus and implicates mucus containing cassiosomes and free intact nematocytes as the cause of stinging water.

中文翻译：

cassiosomes是颠倒的水母Cassiopea xamachana黏液中的刺细胞结构。

颠倒的水母仙后座（Cassiopea xamachana）栖息在红树林水域的浮潜者报告称由于刺痛感而感到不适，其原因尚不清楚。结合组织学，显微镜检查，微流控技术，影像学，分子生物学和基于质谱的蛋白质组学的组合，我们描述了C. xamachana刺细胞结构，我们称其为小体。这些结构在恶臭梭菌粘液中释放，并能够杀死猎物。cassiosomes由外部上皮层组成，该层主要由周围组织的内生共生双鞭毛虫和假定的中胚层所填充的核心组成的核心周围的神经细胞组成。此外，我们报告了与C. xamachana（Scyphozoa类；根茎目）相同的分类组中的另外四个水母物种的cassiosome结构，分为活动型（纤毛型）或非活动型。这项就职研究提供了定性评估美洲驼形念珠菌粘液含量的暗示，并暗示含有c囊和游离完整神经细胞的粘液是引起积水的原因。

更新日期：2020-02-13

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