Purpose of Review

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are strongly influenced by the large-scale environment of the tropics and will, therefore, be modified by climate changes. Numerical simulations designed to understand the sensitivities of TCs to environmental changes have typically followed one of two approaches: single-storm domain sizes with convection-permitting resolution and uniform thermal boundary conditions or comprehensive global high-resolution (about 50 km in the horizontal) atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) simulations. The approaches reviewed here rest between these two and are an important component of hierarchical modelling of the atmosphere: aquaplanet TC simulations.

Recent Findings

Idealized model configurations have revealed controls on equilibrium TC size in large-domain simulations of rotating radiative-convective equilibrium. Simulations that include differential rotation (spherical geometry) but retain uniform thermal forcing have revealed a new mechanism of TC propagation change via storm-scale dynamics and show a poleward shift in genesis in response to warming. Simulations with Earth-like meridional thermal forcing gradients have isolated competing influences on TC genesis via shifts in the atmospheric general circulation and the temperature dependence of TC genesis in the absence of mean circulation changes.

Summary

Aquaplanet simulations of TCs with variants that include or inhibit certain processes have recently emerged as a research methodology that has advanced the understanding of the climatic controls on TC activity. Looking forward, idealized boundary condition model configurations can be used as a bridge between GCM resolution and convection-permitting resolution models and as a tool for identifying additional mechanisms through which climate changes influence TC activity.

中文翻译：

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热带气旋的水上行星模拟

审查目的

热带气旋（TC）受到热带地区大规模环境的强烈影响，因此将受到气候变化的影响。旨在理解TC对环境变化敏感度的数值模拟通常采用以下两种方法之一：具有对流允许分辨率和统一热边界条件的单风暴域大小，或全面的全球高分辨率（水平约50 km）大气通用循环模型（GCM）模拟。这里回顾的方法介于这两者之间，并且是大气层级建模的重要组成部分：滑水行星TC模拟。

最近的发现

理想化的模型配置在旋转辐射-对流平衡的大域模拟中揭示了平衡TC大小的控制。包括差动旋转（球形几何形状）但保持均匀热强迫的模拟，揭示了通过风暴尺度动力学产生的TC传播变化的新机制，并显示了响应变暖的成因发生极移。通过类似地球的子午热强迫梯度进行的模拟，通过大气总环流的变化和在没有平均环流变化的情况下TC的温度依赖性，对TC的发生产生了相互竞争的影响。

概要

TC的水上行星模拟具有包括或抑制某些过程的变体，最近作为一种研究方法出现了，该方法已加深了对TC活动的气候控制的理解。展望未来，理想的边界条件模型配置可以用作GCM分辨率和对流允许分辨率模型之间的桥梁，并且可以用作识别气候变化影响TC活动的其他机制的工具。