唾液 α-淀粉酶作为行为医学中压力的生物标志物。,International Journal of Behavioral Medicine

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唾液 α-淀粉酶作为行为医学中压力的生物标志物。
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09843-x
Nida Ali ₁ , Urs M Nater ₁

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近年来，行为医学的研究越来越侧重于了解慢性和急性压力暴露如何影响健康结果。在压力期间，身体的生理压力系统被激活。这些系统与免疫系统密切相互作用，因此，重要地涉及疾病状态的发生和维持。虽然许多研究压力对疾病影响的行为医学研究都集中在下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴及其下游生物标志物皮质醇的作用上，但很明显自主神经系统 (ANS) 也发挥着在生物压力过程以及压力相关症状的表现和维持中起着至关重要的作用。近年来，唾液 α-淀粉酶 (sAA) 已成为应激研究中有效且可靠的 ANS 活性标志物，因此是行为医学中需要考虑的重要生物标志物。在这篇评论中，我们将重点介绍与行为医学相关的研究，这些研究利用 sAA 测量，无论是在基础上还是对压力的反应，来检查临床人群中的 ANS 功能。我们还将总结研究各种有针对性的干预措施对 sAA 水平变化的影响的研究结果。通过这一点，我们的目的是提供证据，证明 sAA 可以作为 ANS (dys) 功能在健康和疾病中的可行生物标志物。为此，我们还将强调重要的方法论考虑因素，供读者在他们自己的研究中包括 sAA 评估时牢记。

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Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker of Stress in Behavioral Medicine.

In recent years, research in behavioral medicine has become increasingly focused on understanding how chronic and acute exposure to stress impacts health outcomes. During stress, the body’s physiological stress systems are activated. These systems closely interact with the immune system and are, thus, importantly implicated in the onset and maintenance of disease states. While much of the research in behavioral medicine that has investigated the effects of stress on disease has focused on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its downstream biomarker, cortisol, it is evident that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) also plays a crucial role in both the biological stress process and the manifestation and maintenance of stress-related symptoms. In recent years salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a valid and reliable marker of ANS activity in stress research and is therefore an important biomarker to consider in behavioral medicine. In this commentary, we will highlight research relevant for behavioral medicine that has utilized sAA measurements, both basally, and in response to stress, to examine ANS function in clinical populations. We will additionally summarize findings from studies that have examined the effects of various targeted interventions on changes in sAA levels. Through this, our aim is to present evidence that sAA can serve as a feasible biomarker of ANS (dys)function in health and disease. To this end, we will also highlight important methodological considerations for readers to keep in mind when including sAA assessments in their own studies. The overarching goal of this brief commentary is to highlight how a multidimensional approach toward physiological stress measurement can allow researchers to develop a better understanding of physical health and disease states.

更新日期：2020-01-03

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