Ionic derivatives of 4,4',5,5'-tetranitro-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole have recently been identified as interesting low-sensitivity explosive compounds that combine low vulnerability to mechanical stimuli with high performance. In this work, the synthesis of bis-semicarbazidium), bis(3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium), and bis(5-amino-4H-tetrazol-1-ium) 4,4',5,5'-tetranitro-2,2'-biimidazol-1-ides is described, and some of their experimental and calculated explosive properties are presented. 4,4',5,5'-Tetranitro-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole was synthesized by nitration of 2,2'-biimidazole with nitric acid in polyphosphoric acid and produced the salts in good yields and purity by reaction with semicarbazide hydrochloride in water, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in methanol, and 5-aminotetrazole in diethyl ether. The obtained salts were characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and small-scale safety testing impact and friction sensitivity). The measured densities and standard enthalpy of formation, as well as calculated performance characteristics are reported. The compounds are thermally stable up to 180–210°C and insensitive to mechanical stimuli and have slightly better performance than trinitrotoluene with regard to calculated detonation parameters.

中文翻译：

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4,4'，5,5'-四硝基-1 H，1'H -2,2'-苯并咪唑盐的合成及性质：氨基脲，3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑鎓和5-氨基四唑鎓衍生物

4,4'离子衍生物，5,5'-四硝基1 ħ，1' ħ -2,2'-联咪唑最近已被鉴定为结合了低易受机械刺激高性能有趣低灵敏度爆炸性化合物。在这项工作中，合成了双-半碳杂鎓，双（3-氨基-1 H -1,2,4-三唑-4-鎓）和双（5-氨基-4 H-四唑-1-鎓）描述了4,4'，5,5'-四硝基-2,2'-联咪唑-1-化物，并提供了一些实验和计算的爆炸性质。4,4' ，5,5'-四硝基1 ħ，1' ħ通过在多磷酸中用硝酸硝化2,2'-联咪唑来合成-2,2'-联咪唑，并通过与氨基脲在水中，3-氨基-1,2,4中反应，以高收率和高纯度得到盐。 -三唑在甲醇中，5-氨基四唑在乙醚中。所得盐通过NMR和红外光谱，元素分析，热分析以及小规模安全测试的影响和摩擦敏感性进行表征。报告了测得的密度和标准形成焓，以及计算出的性能特征。该化合物在高达180–210°C的温度下具有热稳定性，对机械刺激不敏感，并且在计算爆炸参数方面，其性能比三硝基甲苯稍好。