Analysis of an Active Deformylation Mechanism of 5-Formyl-deoxycytidine (fdC) in Stem Cells.,Angewandte Chemie International Edition

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Analysis of an Active Deformylation Mechanism of 5-Formyl-deoxycytidine (fdC) in Stem Cells.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition ( IF 16.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 , DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000414
Alexander Schön ₁ , Ewelina Kaminska ₁ , Florian Schelter ₁ , Eveliina Ponkkonen ₁ , Eva Korytiaková ₁ , Sarah Schiffers ₁ , Thomas Carell ₁

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The removal of 5‐methyl‐deoxycytidine (mdC) from promoter elements is associated with reactivation of the silenced corresponding genes. It takes place through an active demethylation process involving the oxidation of mdC to 5‐hydroxymethyl‐deoxycytidine (hmdC) and further on to 5‐formyl‐deoxycytidine (fdC) and 5‐carboxy‐deoxycytidine (cadC) with the help of α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent Tet oxygenases. The next step can occur through the action of a glycosylase (TDG), which cleaves fdC out of the genome for replacement by dC. A second pathway is proposed to involve C−C bond cleavage that converts fdC directly into dC. A 6‐aza‐5‐formyl‐deoxycytidine (a‐fdC) probe molecule was synthesized and fed to various somatic cell lines and induced mouse embryonic stem cells, together with a 2′‐fluorinated fdC analogue (F‐fdC). While deformylation of F‐fdC was clearly observed in vivo, it did not occur with a‐fdC, thus suggesting that the C−C bond‐cleaving deformylation is initiated by nucleophilic activation.

中文翻译：

干细胞中5-甲酰基-脱氧胞苷（fdC）的主动脱甲酰化机理分析。

从启动子元件中去除5-甲基-脱氧胞苷（mdC）与沉默的相应基因的重新激活有关。它是通过主动脱甲基过程进行的，该过程涉及将mdC氧化为5-羟甲基-脱氧胞苷（hmdC），然后在α的帮助下进一步氧化为5-甲酰基-脱氧胞苷（fdC）和5-羧基-脱氧胞苷（cadC）。酮戊二酸依赖的Tet加氧酶下一步可以通过糖基化酶（TDG）的作用发生，该酶将fdC切割出基因组，以替换为dC。提出了第二种途径，涉及将fdC直接转化为dC的CC键断裂。合成了6-氮杂-5-甲酰基-脱氧胞苷（a-fdC）探针分子，并与2'-氟化fdC类似物（F-fdC）一起喂入各种体细胞系和诱导的小鼠胚胎干细胞。尽管在体内清楚地观察到F-fdC的去甲酰化作用，但在a-fdC中却没有发生，因此表明C-C键断裂的去甲酰化作用是由亲核活化引发的。

更新日期：2020-02-25

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