The entanglement between primary metabolism regulation and stress responses is a puzzling and fascinating theme in plant sciences. Among the major metabolites found in plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fulfils important roles in connecting C and N metabolic fluxes through the GABA shunt. Activation of GABA metabolism is known since long to occur in plant tissues following biotic stresses, where GABA appears to have substantially different modes of action towards different categories of pathogens and pests. While it can harm insects thanks to its inhibitory effect on the neuronal transmission, its capacity to modulate the hypersensitive response in attacked host cells was proven to be crucial for host defences in several pathosystems. In this review, we discuss how plants can employ GABA's versatility to effectively deal with all the major biotic stressors, and how GABA can shape plant immune responses against pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species balance in invaded plant tissues. Finally, we discuss the connections between GABA and other stress-related amino acids such as BABA (β-aminobutyric acid), glutamate and proline.

中文翻译：

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γ-氨基丁酸和相关氨基酸在植物免疫反应中的作用机理。

初级代谢调节与胁迫反应之间的纠缠是植物科学中令人费解且令人着迷的主题。在植物中发现的主要代谢产物中，γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）在通过GABA分流器连接C和N代谢通量方面起着重要作用。GABA代谢的激活早已为人所知，因为它很容易在生物胁迫后的植物组织中发生，其中GABA对不同种类的病原体和害虫具有明显不同的作用方式。尽管它对神经元传播具有抑制作用，但可以伤害昆虫，但事实证明，它具有调节被攻击宿主细胞超敏反应的能力，对于几种病理系统的宿主防御至关重要。在这篇评论中，我们讨论植物如何利用GABA' 能有效应对所有主要生物胁迫的通用性，以及GABA如何通过调节入侵植物组织中的活性氧物种平衡来塑造植物对病原体的免疫反应。最后，我们讨论了GABA与其他与应激相关的氨基酸（如BABA（β-氨基丁酸），谷氨酸和脯氨酸）之间的联系。