To develop efficient electrochemical energy storage systems for large-scale use of renewable energy, a novel quinoxaline-bearing redox-active conjugated polymer (poly(6-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)quinoxaline), PPyQX) has been synthesized via a facile bromine oxidation polymerization approach and employed as electro-active anode material for aqueous hybrid flow batteries. The PPyQX displays a quasi-reversible redox reaction at −0.79 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) with good stability in aqueous alkaline electrolytes. An aqueous hybrid flow battery is fabricated using the PPyQX as the anode material and K₄Fe(CN)₆ as the catholyte, respectively, which displays an open circuit potential of 1.15 V at 50% state of charge (SOC) and a discharge capacity of 67.1 mAh g⁻¹ at the current density of 1 A g⁻¹. The maximum power density reaches 2.7 and 1.5 W g⁻¹ at 100% and 50% SOC, respectively. After 1000 charge-discharge cycles, ca. 74.8% of initial discharge capacity is retained, projecting an average capacity retention rate of ~99.975% per cycle. The coulombic efficiency is near to 93.8% and the round-trip energy efficiency is kept around 80.5%.

为了开发可大规模使用可再生能源的高效电化学能量存储系统，一种新型的含喹喔啉的氧化还原活性共轭聚合物（聚（6-（1H-吡咯-1-基）喹喔啉），PPyQX）已通过简便的溴氧化聚合方法，并用作水性混合液流电池的电活性负极材料。与标准氢电极（SHE）相比，PPyQX在-0.79 V处显示出准可逆的氧化还原反应，在碱性水溶液中具有良好的稳定性。分别使用PPyQX作为阳极材料和K ₄ Fe（CN）₆作为阴极制备水性混合液流电池，该电池在50％的荷电状态（SOC）和放电容量下显示1.15 V的开路电势67.1 mAh g ^-1在1 A g ^-1的电流密度下。在100％和50％SOC下，最大功率密度分别达到2.7和1.5 W g ^-1。经过1000次充放电循环后，约 保留了初始放电容量的74.8％，预计每个循环的平均容量保持率约为99.975％。库仑效率接近93.8％，往返能量效率保持在80.5％左右。