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Phlobaphenes modify pericarp thickness in maize and accumulation of the fumonisin mycotoxins.
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58341-8 Michela Landoni 1 , Daniel Puglisi 2 , Elena Cassani 2 , Giulia Borlini 2 , Gloria Brunoldi 2 , Camilla Comaschi 2 , Roberto Pilu 2
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58341-8 Michela Landoni 1 , Daniel Puglisi 2 , Elena Cassani 2 , Giulia Borlini 2 , Gloria Brunoldi 2 , Camilla Comaschi 2 , Roberto Pilu 2
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Phlobaphenes are insoluble phenolic compounds which are accumulated in a limited number of tissues such as seed pericarp and cob glumes, conferring on them a typical red-brown pigmentation. These secondary metabolites, derived from 3-deoxy flavonoids, are thought to have an important role in plants' resistance against various pathogens, e.g. by reducing fungal infection, and also to have beneficial effects on human and animal health due to their high antioxidant power. The aim of this work was to determine the role of phlobaphenes in reducing mycotoxin contamination on maize kernels. We analysed the effect of the P1 (pericarp color 1) gene on phlobaphenes accumulation, pericarp thickness and fumonisins accumulation. Analysing fumonisins accumulation in different genetic backgrounds through three seasons, we found a clear decrease of these toxins through the three years (Wilcoxon test, Z = 2.2, p = 0.0277) in coloured lines compared with the isogenic non-coloured ones. The coloured lines, carrying P1 allele showed an increase of phlobaphenes (about 10-14 fold) with respect to colourless lines. Furthermore there was a correlation between phlobaphenes accumulation and pericarp thickness (R = 0.9318; p = 0.0067). Taken together, these results suggest that the P1 gene plays a central role in regulating phlobaphenes accumulation in maize kernels, and indirectly, also tackles mycotoxins accumulation. The development and cultivation of corn varieties rich in phlobaphenes could be a powerful tool to reduce the loss of both quality and yield due to mycotoxin contamination, increasing the safety and the quality of the maize product.
中文翻译：
Phlobaphenes 改变玉米果皮厚度和伏马毒素霉菌毒素的积累。
Phlobaphenes 是不溶性酚类化合物，积聚在有限数量的组织中，例如种子果皮和穗轴颖片，赋予它们典型的红棕色色素沉着。这些源自 3-脱氧黄酮类化合物的次生代谢物被认为在植物抵抗各种病原体的过程中发挥着重要作用，例如通过减少真菌感染，并且由于其高抗氧化能力而对人类和动物健康产生有益影响。这项工作的目的是确定 phlobaphenes 在减少玉米粒霉菌毒素污染方面的作用。我们分析了 P1（果皮颜色 1）基因对 phlobaphenes 积累、果皮厚度和伏马菌素积累的影响。通过分析三个季节不同遗传背景下伏马菌素的积累，我们发现与同基因非彩色品系相比，彩色品系中这些毒素在三年内明显减少（Wilcoxon 检验，Z = 2.2，p = 0.0277）。携带 P1 等位基因的彩色品系显示，与无色品系相比，phlobaphenes 增加（约 10-14 倍）。此外，phlobaphenes 积累和果皮厚度之间存在相关性（R = 0.9318；p = 0.0067）。综上所述，这些结果表明 P1 基因在调节玉米籽粒中 phlobaphenes 积累方面发挥着核心作用，并且还间接地解决了霉菌毒素积累问题。开发和种植富含phlobaphenes的玉米品种可以成为减少由于霉菌毒素污染而导致的质量和产量损失的有力工具，从而提高玉米产品的安全性和质量。
更新日期：2020-01-29
中文翻译：
Phlobaphenes 改变玉米果皮厚度和伏马毒素霉菌毒素的积累。
Phlobaphenes 是不溶性酚类化合物，积聚在有限数量的组织中，例如种子果皮和穗轴颖片，赋予它们典型的红棕色色素沉着。这些源自 3-脱氧黄酮类化合物的次生代谢物被认为在植物抵抗各种病原体的过程中发挥着重要作用，例如通过减少真菌感染，并且由于其高抗氧化能力而对人类和动物健康产生有益影响。这项工作的目的是确定 phlobaphenes 在减少玉米粒霉菌毒素污染方面的作用。我们分析了 P1（果皮颜色 1）基因对 phlobaphenes 积累、果皮厚度和伏马菌素积累的影响。通过分析三个季节不同遗传背景下伏马菌素的积累，我们发现与同基因非彩色品系相比，彩色品系中这些毒素在三年内明显减少（Wilcoxon 检验，Z = 2.2，p = 0.0277）。携带 P1 等位基因的彩色品系显示，与无色品系相比，phlobaphenes 增加（约 10-14 倍）。此外，phlobaphenes 积累和果皮厚度之间存在相关性（R = 0.9318；p = 0.0067）。综上所述，这些结果表明 P1 基因在调节玉米籽粒中 phlobaphenes 积累方面发挥着核心作用，并且还间接地解决了霉菌毒素积累问题。开发和种植富含phlobaphenes的玉米品种可以成为减少由于霉菌毒素污染而导致的质量和产量损失的有力工具，从而提高玉米产品的安全性和质量。
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