Identification of trombiculid mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) on rodents from Chiloé Island and molecular evidence of infection with Orientia species.,PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

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Identification of trombiculid mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) on rodents from Chiloé Island and molecular evidence of infection with Orientia species.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007619
Gerardo Acosta-Jamett _{1,

2} , Constanza Martínez-Valdebenito _{3,

4} , Esperanza Beltrami _{1,

5} , María Carolina Silva-de La Fuente _{6,

7,

8} , Ju Jiang ₉ , Allen L Richards ₁₀ , Thomas Weitzel _{11,

12} , Katia Abarca _{3,

13}

Affiliation

Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Laboratorio de Infectología y Virología Molecular, Red Salud UC-Christus, Santiago, Chile.
Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Departamento de Ciencias Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.
Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Hantavirus and Zoonoses Program, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is an emerging vector-borne zoonosis, caused by Orientia spp. and transmitted by larvae of trombiculid mites, called chiggers. It mainly occurs within a region of the Asia-Pacific called the tsutsugamushi triangle, where rodents are known as the most relevant hosts for the trombiculid vector. However, the reservoir(s) and vector(s) of the scrub typhus outside Asia-Pacific are unknown. The disease has recently been discovered on and is considered endemic for Chiloé Island in southern Chile. The aim of the present work was to detect and determine the prevalence of chiggers on different rodent species captured in probable sites for the transmission of orientiae responsible for scrub typhus on Chiloé Island in southern Chile and to molecularly examine collected chiggers for the presence of Orientia DNA. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS During the austral summer 2018, rodents were live-trapped in six sites and examined for chigger infestation. All study sites were rural areas on Chiloé Island, previously identified as probable localities where human cases acquired the scrub typhus. During a total of 4,713 trap-nights, 244 rodents of seven species were captured: the most abundant was Abrothrix olivacea. Chiggers were detected on all seven rodent species with a 55% prevalence rate. Chiggers showed low host specificity and varied according to site specific host abundance. Three genera of trombiculids were identified. Herpetacarus was the most abundant genus (93%), prevalent in five of the six sites. Infestation rates showed site specific differences, which were statistically significant using a GLM model with binomial errors. Molecular analyses proved that 21 of 133 (15.8%) mite pools were positive for Orientia species, all of them belonged to the genus Herpetacarus. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study firstly reports the presence of different rodent-associated chigger mites positive for Orientia sp., in a region endemic for scrub typhus in southern Chile. Herpetacarus and two other genera of mites were found with high infestation rates of rodents in sites previously identified as probable exposure of scrub typhus cases. A substantial percentage of mite pools were positive for Orientia DNA, suggesting that chigger mites serve as vectors and reservoirs of this emerging zoonosis in South America.

中文翻译：

在奇洛埃岛（ChiloéIsland）的啮齿动物上鉴定出小螨虫（Acari：Trombiculidae）以及感染东方物种的分子证据。

背景斑疹伤寒是一种由媒介动物东方虫引起的新兴媒介传播的人畜共患病。并由称为chi的transmitted螨幼虫传播。它主要发生在亚太地区的tsutsugamushi三角区内，啮齿动物被称为与菱形载体最相关的寄主。然而，亚太以外的灌木斑疹伤寒的水库和病媒是未知的。该疾病最近在智利南部的Chiloé岛被发现并被认为是地方病。本工作的目的是检测和确定of虫在智利南部奇洛埃岛上可能引起斑疹伤寒的东方虫传播地点捕获的不同啮齿动物物种中的流行程度，并从分子上检查收集的chi虫是否存在东方DNA。。方法学/主要发现在2018年夏季，啮齿动物被现场诱捕在六个地点，并进行了chi虫侵扰检查。所有研究地点均为奇洛埃岛（ChiloéIsland）上的农村地区，之前被确定为人类病例感染斑疹伤寒的可能地区。在总共4,713个诱捕夜中，共捕获了7种244种啮齿动物：最丰富的是Abrothrix olivacea。在所有七个啮齿动物物种上均检出，患病率为55％。gg表现出较低的寄主特异性，并根据特定地点的寄主丰度而变化。鉴定出三个属。爬虫属是最丰富的属（93％），在六个部位中的五个部位普遍存在。侵染率显示出特定地点的差异，使用具有二项式误差的GLM模型具有统计学意义。分子分析表明，在133个螨池中，有21个（15.8％）的东方Or属呈阳性，全部属于Herpetacarus属。结论/意义本研究首先报道了智利南部灌木斑疹伤寒流行地区不同的啮齿动物相关的chi螨对Orientia sp。呈阳性。在先前确定为可能接触灌木斑疹伤寒的地方，发现了带状疱疹和其他两个螨类的啮齿动物感染率很高。大量的螨虫池中的Orientia DNA呈阳性，这表明as螨是南美这种新兴人畜共患病的媒介和储库。结论/意义本研究首先报道了智利南部灌木斑疹伤寒流行地区不同的啮齿动物相关的chi螨对Orientia sp。呈阳性。在先前确定为可能接触灌木斑疹伤寒的地方，发现了带状疱疹和其他两个螨类的啮齿动物感染率很高。大量的螨虫池中的Orientia DNA呈阳性，这表明as螨是南美这种新兴人畜共患病的媒介和储库。结论/意义本研究首先报道了智利南部灌木斑疹伤寒流行地区不同的啮齿动物相关的chi螨对Orientia sp。呈阳性。在先前确定为可能接触灌木斑疹伤寒的地方，发现了带状疱疹和其他两个螨类的啮齿动物感染率很高。大量的螨虫池中的Orientia DNA呈阳性，这表明as螨是南美这种新兴人畜共患病的媒介和储库。

更新日期：2020-01-24

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