Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has a fundamental role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement to limit anthropogenic warming to 1.5–2 °C. Most ongoing CCS projects inject CO₂ into sedimentary basins and require an impermeable cap rock to prevent the CO₂ from migrating to the surface. Alternatively, captured carbon can be stored through injection into reactive rocks (such as mafic or ultramafic lithologies), provoking CO₂ mineralization and, thereby, permanently fixing carbon with negligible risk of return to the atmosphere. Although in situ mineralization offers a large potential volume for carbon storage in formations such as basalts and peridotites (both onshore and offshore), its large-scale implementation remains little explored beyond laboratory-based and field-based experiments. In this Review, we discuss the potential of mineral carbonation to address the global CCS challenge and contribute to long-term reductions in atmospheric CO₂. Emphasis is placed on the advances in making this technology more cost-effective and in exploring the limits and global applicability of CO₂ mineralization.

碳捕集与封存（CCS）在实现《巴黎协定》的目标中发挥基本作用，该目标将人为变暖限制在1.5–2°C。正在进行的大多数CCS项目都将CO ₂注入沉积盆地，并且需要不透水的盖层，以防止CO ₂迁移到地表。另外，捕获的碳可以通过注入反应性岩石（例如镁铁质或超镁铁质岩性）中来储存，从而激发CO ₂矿化作用，从而永久固定碳，而返回大气的风险可忽略不计。尽管原位矿化为玄武岩和橄榄岩（陆上和海上）等地层中的碳储藏提供了巨大的潜力，但除了实验室和基于现场的实验外，其大规模实施尚无人探索。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了矿物碳化的潜力，以应对全球CCS挑战，并有助于长期减少大气中的CO ₂。重点放在使该技术更具成本效益以及探索CO ₂矿化的极限和全球适用性方面的进展。