Abstract Superwetting fabrics are promising materials for oil/water separation, but their poor thermal stability, easy to be contaminated and flammability severely restrict their cross-domain applications. Here we report multifunctional Ni(OH)2@fabrics with satisfyingly hierarchical structures via a simple hydrothermal method. Besides oil/water separation, Ni(OH)2 coated fabrics also exhibit exceptional flame-retardancy and good thermal stability. The as-prepared fabrics possess superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity plus superoleophilicity/underoil superhydrophobicity and therefore could be directly used for oil/water separation containing both water/heavy oil mixture and water/light oil mixture. Moreover, superamphiphilic Ni(OH)2@fabric could also transform into in-air superamphiphobic after modification of low surface energy materials. Benefitting from the capacity of trapping liquids or air of synthesized hierarchical structures, superamphiphilic fabric presents underwater anti-oil impact performance while superamphiphobic fabric shows excellent in-air antifouling property. These multifunctional fabrics could greatly widen the application conditions of superwetting materials for oil/water separation and show huge potentials in cross-domain industrials.

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面向多功能应用的超润湿织物：油/水分离、防污和阻燃

摘要 超润湿织物是一种很有前途的油水分离材料，但其热稳定性差、易被污染和易燃性严重限制了其跨领域应用。在这里，我们通过简单的水热方法报告了具有令人满意的分级结构的多功能 Ni(OH)2@fabrics。除了油/水分离，Ni(OH)2 涂层织物还表现出卓越的阻燃性和良好的热稳定性。所制备的织物具有超亲水性/水下超疏油性加上超亲油性/油下超疏水性，因此可直接用于含有水/重油混合物和水/轻油混合物的油/水分离。而且，超两亲性 Ni(OH)2@fabric 也可以在对低表面能材料进行改性后转变为空气中的超疏水性。得益于合成层次结构的捕集液体或空气的能力，超两亲织物表现出水下抗油冲击性能，而超疏水织物则表现出优异的空气中防污性能。这些多功能织物可以极大地拓宽超润湿材料在油水分离方面的应用条件，并在跨领域工业领域展现出巨大的潜力。