The anatomy of the brainstem is complex. It contains numerous cranial nerve nuclei and is traversed by multiple tracts between the brain and spinal cord. Improved MRI resolution now allows the radiologist to identify a higher level of anatomic detail, but an understanding of functional anatomy is crucial for correct interpretation of disease. Brainstem syndromes are most commonly due to occlusion of the posterior circulation or mass effect from intrinsic space-occupying lesions. These syndromes can have subtle imaging findings that may be missed by a radiologist unfamiliar with the anatomy or typical manifesting features. This article presents the developmental anatomy of the brainstem and discusses associated pathologic syndromes. Congenital and acquired syndromes are described and correlated with anatomic locations at imaging, with diagrams to provide a reference to aid in radiologic interpretation. ©RSNA, 2019.

中文翻译：

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中脑，脑桥和延髓：解剖学和综合征。

脑干的解剖结构很复杂。它包含许多颅神经核，并在大脑和脊髓之间经过多个区域。现在，改进的MRI分辨率使放射科医生能够识别出更高水平的解剖学细节，但是对功能解剖学的理解对于正确解释疾病至关重要。脑干综合症最常见是由于后循环的闭塞或固有的占位性病变引起的质量效应。这些综合征可能具有微妙的影像学表现，可能被不熟悉解剖结构或典型表现特征的放射科医生遗漏。本文介绍了脑干的发育解剖，并讨论了相关的病理综合症。先天性和获得性综合征被描述并与成像时的解剖位置相关，带有图表以提供有助于放射学解释的参考。©RSNA，2019年。